A Research On The Development Of National Industry And Commerce In Northeast China In 1912-1931

Due to historical reasons, the northeastern region of China had been under the long-term political, economical and military invasion of Japan, Russia and other imperialist powers; the national industry of northeastern region suffered enough from the oppression and duress of imperialism and was far less developed than coastal areas inside the Pass; but in the period under the rule of the Feng warlord, the national industry of northeastern region still kept a stable development and became an economic power which could not be overlooked in the temporal Chinese national industry.This thesis mainly has the modern and contemporary history of China, history of Chinese northeastern region and economic history of Chinese northeastern region and so on as the theoretical foundations; reviews the research findings of scholars in academic circles; from the historical perspective makes use of historical materials and applies methods of real evidence analysis and logical deduction to analyze the historical background of the formation and development of industry and commerce in Chinese northeastern area in the Republic China era, the existing form of national industry and commerce capital and developing characteristics of national industry and commerce and at last summarizes the influence of the development of national industry and commerce on the regional economic society.The whole thesis is composed of four parts.Part one makes an analysis on the background and condition of the development of national industry and commerce of Chinese northeastern region in the Republic China era from four perspectives in terms of the basis of economic polity, the specific historical background, intrinsic developing motivations and rich natural resources.After Zhangzuolin and Zhangxueliang gained the control of the political and military power in the northeastern region, they applied some relatively active policies on economy. For example, they rectified economic orders; encouraged to establish national industry; improved and developed transportation industry and communication construction and so on.The First World War in 1914 also brought certain opportunities for the development of Chinese national capital. This was because that the Occident imperialist powers were busy with the war and had no time to take care of the matters in Chinese northeastern region and temporarily loosened up the economic invasion to China and therefore national industry gained further development. The "National Commodity Movement" also provided a favored social environment for the development of national industry and commerce in northeastern region. Under this specific historical background, the national industry and commerce gained further degree of prosperity.The development of national industry and commerce of northeastern region has also its intrinsic developing motivations. The industrialists and businessmen in this period of time paid more stress in technology and updated and reformed the production equipment; emphasized education to reserve talents on industry and commerce; besides, they paid attention to establish or to improve enterprise welfare facilities and to improve the treatment to employees. These measures objectively promoted the development of national industry and commerce.Apart from this, rich natural resources in northeastern region also provided favored conditions for the development of national industry and commerce.Part two analyzes the capital form of national industry and commerce in Chinese northeastern region in the Republic China era, that is, bureaucrat capital and nongovernmental capital.In the Republic China era, the development of national industry andcommerce in northeastern region entered its golden age. The feudal officials in three provinces actively developed industry and commerce; the Feng bureaucrat capital expanded with high speed and the common nongovernmental business became prosperous day after day. National capital gained great improvement in all fields of industry, mining, commerce, finance, transportation and agriculture. Its high developing speed, large business scale and high economic efficiency were all at the forefront in the country.The obvious characteristics of the development of bureaucrat capital in northeastern region in the Republic China era was that the Feng bureaucrat group headed by Zhangzuolin and Zhangcueliang made use of their own political power to control enormous bureaucrat capital. And Zhangzuolin and Zhangxueliang, the father and son, also became the biggest bureaucrat capitalist in northeast. Bureaucrat capital gained further development in all trades.And in the early days of the Republic of China, the upsurge of establishing industry and commerce all over the country, the northeastern authorities' developing national economy and the polity to reject the invasion of foreign capital also promoted the gradual prosperity of northeastern nongovernmental capitalist economy. In this period, agriculture products processing industry and light and textile industry became the most active economic field in nongovernmental capital and the majority of oil mills, fire milling, distilleries, silk factories and weaving factories were all managed by common Chinese business capital.Part three summarizes the developing characteristics of national industry and commerce in Chinese northeastern region in the Republic China era.The national industry and commerce in this period was greatly affected by Japan and other foreign capitalisms. Under the social condition of semi-colony, the northeast was regarded as the material production place,...