Formation And Development Of Temple Based Unit In Hehuang River Valley During Ming And Qing Dynasty

"Temple based unit" was the unique Tibet tribe union formation whichwas temple orientated and bonded with alliance between temple and state in Hehuangriver valley during Ming and Qing dynasty, which made its first appearance in Hong Wuperiod, and consummated in Yong Le period, perished after Yong Zheng period in Qingdynasty. Its short existence in history had a great influence on Tibet politics, economy,religion and culture in Hehuang River Valley. This article based on the predecessors'research, made a further discussion on the definition, formation, development anddecline of the Temple based unit, and included foreword, main body and conclusion.Foreword part defined Temple based unit, introduced the discussion on the relatedtopics and accomplishment in academia, and clarified the significance and innovation ofthis paper. According to the definition, formation, development and decline of thetemple based unit, the main body divided into the following three parts: the first partconcentrate on the definition of temple based unit, it gave us an exact definition byanalyzing the record of temple based unit in official document of Ming and Qingdynasties. And proved the existence of the temple based unit in Hehuang river valley, itsconnotation were also discussed by study of historical materials. The second and thethird parts expatiated the process of the definition, formation, development and declineOf the temple based unit. At the cross of Yuan and Ming dynasty, the Tibet tribes inQinhai grassland unceasingly moved in Hehuang river valley, built many temples anddwelled around them. Temple based unit appeared in Hong Wu period, and consolidatedand developed by the establishment of the monk hereditary relationship and payingtribute to bonze. Till Yong Zheng period in Qing dynasty, the Tibet tribes and templesinvolvement of the Luobuzangdanjing insurgence made the Qing government take backsome political, economical and military privileges from temple based unit by variousmeasures, which caused the decline of these temple based units. Meanwhile, templebased unit had been replaced by rising Gelu temples for the adaptation failure. Vastlyspread temple based unit broke up by the double strike of the restriction of Qinggovernment and Buddhism inside requirements. The conclusion is the complement forthe main body; it helps us to make a better understanding of temple based unit,moreover, a comparison between the regions of temple based units and other regions with alliance between temple and state was made.