Study On The Themes Of Stone Carvings On Que Of Tombs In Han And Jin Dynasties Within Ba-Shu Area

Deep studies on stone carvings and brick carvings of coffin chambers, stone coffins and other funeral appliance has been made till now . Especially on the subject of the category and meaning of pictorial stones and bricks of coffin chambers, scholars has published many articals and expressed varieties of their opinions. Therefor, a lot of progress has been made on it . compared to studies on stone carvings and brick carvings of coffin chambers, stone coffins , studies on Que of tombs and the stone carvings on it seems lag behind, and has been confused with the the former in recent years, With the increasing amount of new discoveries in archeology and literal documentaries, studies on Que of tombs has been promoted into a new stage. However, in general, these studies focus on the themes of textual research on the owner of each Que,and so on till now. Although the description on the structures and styles of Que has been concerned, researches on unique stone carvings on Ques of tombs in Ba-shu area and their meanings hasn't been done practically. Accordingly, the studies on the category of stone carvings on Que of tombs has apply mechanically the methods of studies on stone coffins and chambers. And these methods seems irrationality.On the premise of the standpoint that an uique system of method should been formed on the studies of stone carvings on Que of tombs, this paper trys to draw a general picture of stone carvings on Que of tombs and find out the general law of the arrange of them and make the classification of these stone carvings, in order to make some contributions to further studies on stone carvings of Han and Jin dynasties. From the perspective of literature documentary examination, and adopting the method of field survey, the paper collects and lists the stone carvings of tomb Que from Sichuan and other areas. And also collects and lists the varieties of classification method of stone carvings. Then, the author compared them. Adopting the information of architecture, iconology and typology, the author put forward a some new opinions on classification.This paper contains four parts, part I is the foreword, The author summarizes the research progress on stone carvings and bricks carvings, the methods the scholars used in studies on Que and expresses the train of thoughts on this subject. In Part II Part II(chapter I) the author analyses the concept and meaning of Que and Que of tomb, then sums up the functions of tomb Que. At last, the author put forward the concept of themes of carvings on Que of tombs in Han and Jin dynasties and stresses its particular value and meaning. On the basis of Part II(chapter I), in Part II(chapter I),the author forms a criterion and method system of classify all the themes of carvings on Que of tombs in Han and Jin dynasties within Ba-Shu area. According to these three criterion of three level, and according to different degrees of their relationship with the subject, the author classifies the themes of carvings on Que of tombs in Han and Jin dynasties within Ba-Shu area into many types. Firt of all, they can be classified into two main types: themes of architecture elements, themes without architecture elements. Next, themes of without architecture elements can be classified into self-representation iconic representation, episodic representation, according to their way of composition. And each of the three types can be divided in to several types according to their iconic meanings. and functions. And finally, according to their appear frequency, they can be classified into three types: the universal theme , themes of a unique area, themes of a unique Que. The author also explains some mistakes others made on themes of tomb Que, At last, the law of the arrangement of the stone carvings on tomb Que and its characteristic has been conclude.