Research On The "Ba" Kind Of Disposal Structure In "San Yan"

"San yan"is compiled by Feng Menglong who lived in ming dynasty. t is the general name of the three large collections of short stories that are named "Yushi Mingyan", "Jingshi Tongyan", "Xingshi Hengyan". It is written by spoken language based on the language at that time. The language of "san yan" belongs to the modern Chinese category. It basically reflects the situation of the northern dialect from song to ming dynasty. Although it has been quite similar to the modern Chinese language system, it can be found that, there are still some differences exist in phonology, vocabulary and grammar. Such differences provide costful transitional language materials for the study on the evolution from the ancient Chinese to the modern Chinese. So it has certain linguistics research value.Disposal structure is a special kind of sentence structure in Chinese grammatical system. Mr. Wang Li considered that "disposal structure is one of the signs which mark the Chinese grammatical system moving towards perfection". In this paper, we have made a careful classification and description of the"ba"kind of disposal structure appears in "san yan" based on a carefully data collection. Then, we analysis the basic characteristics of syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and other aspects emphatically. Moreover, we have made a comparison between the"ba"kind of disposal structure in"san yan"and the ba sentence in modern Chinese. This paper is composed of three part in the main: the introduction, the body and the conclusion.The introduction mainly introduces the research survey of the"ba"kind of disposal structure in"san yan", this article's object and scope of study, research methods, main viewpoints and research value.In the main part, we have made a comprehensive description and analysis on the"ba"kind of disposal structure in"san yan"at syntactic, semantic and pragmatic, guiding with the"three-plane"theory .Firstly, we made a classification study starting from the syntactic structure, divided all sentences into positive and negative two categories, according to whether or not they contain negative words. Then, gave a more painstaking division according to the differenices between sentence elements and structure types. We find that the syntactic structure of the"ba"kind of disposal structure in"san yan"is very flexible. The predicate of the sentences have diversified forms. They can be bare-verbs, verbs plus adverbials, dynamic auxiliary words, complements, objects etc. The phrase marked by the preposition"ba"can be simple nouns, complex noun phrases, even complex sentence form. The positions of the adverbial and negative words are non-fixing, they can be placed before the preposition"ba", also the verb. Secondly, we made a classification study according to the semantic relationship between the phrase marked by the preposition"ba"and the predicate verb. We also discuss the semantic relations between the phrase marked by the preposition"ba"and the other sentence elements. We find that, the types of the semantic relations of the"ba"kind of disposal structure in"san yan"are various, almost including all of the types that exist in the modern Chinese. The adverbial and the complement of the sentence can all make semantic relations to the phrase marked by the preposition"ba"besides predicate verbs. Thirdly, we mainly discuss the semantic focus and pragmatic pragmatic of the phrase marked by the preposition"ba"according to the previous discussion on the disposal structure. We think that the semantic focus are embodied by the phrase marked by the preposition"ba", and they have topic-indicating function at the same time. But they can only become the second topic relative to the real topic of the sentence.In the conclusion of the paper, we summarize the characteristics of the"ba"kind of disposal structure in"san yan"and make a recapitulative explanation of the all paoer.