The Study Of Korean Emigrants In Chongqing During The Time Of Sino-Japanese War

China and Korea, the two countries are in a historical and geographic relationship which is as close as lips and teeth. Both countries' people communicate with each other tightly from ancient times till now, and migrate mutually frequently. To the modern times, the number of Korean emigrants in China especially in northeast China had increased sharply. The Korean emigrants were engaged in farm production and business. After Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910, China became the important base of Korean anti-Japanese and national independence movement. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was established in Shanghai on April 13, 1919, under its leadership, multitudinous Korean fighters embarked on a campaign for national independence.The Lukouchiao Incident of July 7, 1937 heralded the eruption of the . Sino-Japanese War. The Nanjing national government moved west to Chongqing. As the wartime capital, Chongqing not only attracted large numbers of Chinese domestic civics to live , but also gathered many aliens to reside .Among the aliens, the Korean emigrants in Chongqing was a special community. Because along with the national government's moving to Chongqing, the Korean Provisional government also moved to Chongqing hardly with hundreds of provisional government staff members' family members. And during the next a few years, lots of Korean people came to Chongqing to join the Sino-Japanese War at the call of the Korean provisional government. Therefore during the Sino-Japanese War time, the major part of Korean emigrants in Chongqing was the Korean national independence movement's fighters and their family members.The Korean provisional government moved to Qijiang County of Chongqing in March, 1939 , then moved into the urban district of Chongqing in September, 1940. After the victory over Japan, the Korean provisional government was dismissed and it's members came back to Korea. The Korean Provisional government in Chongqing had gained a significant achievement. It had carried out many activities during the six years, such as founding the Korean Recovering Armed Forces, establishing the multi-party cooperation, holding the March 1st movement commemoration and so on, which expanded the Korean provisional government's influence.During the earlier period of the Sino-Japanese War, the number of Korean emigrants in Chongqing was about one hundred, but after the Korean Provisional government moved into Chongqing, the number of Korean emigrants in Chongqing had increased every year, and it had reached more than 500 people when the Sino-Japanese War was ended in 1945. Regarding the sharply increased Korean emigrants ,the Chongqing Municipal government strictly carries out The Tentative Regulation for Korean emigrants register which was issued by the national government to register the Korean emigrants who lived in Chongqing; And according to Naturalization laws ,allowed Korean emigrant to get Chinese nationality who voluntarily applies for it during the earlier period of Sino-Japanese War, however, it had began to controlled that situation strictly since the Pacific War had broken out.The Korean Provisional government's staff members' family members families first lived in Qijiang County of Chongqing during the wartime, then moved to Tuqiaochang of Ba county which is in the suburb of Chongqing, the Korean Provisional government also constructed a village of Korean emigrants in Tuqiaochang of Ba county specially. Every Korean emigrant in Chongqing was able to receive the cost-of-living allowance which provided by Chinese National government each month, and the money could make their life maintain at the Chinese middle class level. The children of Korean emigrants in Chongqing not only accepted education together with the Chinese students, but also could first enter the middle school and the university .As a result of Chongqing's atrocious weather and the wartime adverse circumstance influence, Korean emigrants in Chongqing were subject to contract respiratory disease such as pulmonary tuberculosis which caused the mortality rate was very high, regarding this they had established the Korea Relief Administration and Korean Emigrants Health Care Association etc. to provide relief. Korean emigrants actively carried on the news propaganda in Chongqing under difficult conditions, organized the publications such as Korean People ,independent News, Korean Volunteer force and so on which had advocated their idea of national independence and had reported promptly the achievements of the Sino-Japanese War and the world antifascist war to China and the world.Korean emigrants in Chongqing were maintaining good relations with Chinese people during the difficult wartime. All classes of society in China took sympathetic and supporting attitude to Korea's anti-Japanese and national independence movement, Chongqing's national government had continued to given aids in various aspects specially economic assistance to the Korea Provisional government and Korean emigrants; Chinese Communist Party also positively supported them; the news media in Chongqing gave prompt and positive report to their activities; all classes of society in China contributed money to help them many times. Although Korean emigrants in Chongqing led a hard life, they still contributed money to Chinese officers and men several times. The Chinese and Korean Culture Association had been established in Chongqing during the wartime, which promoted the cultural exchange between China and Korea and made the two countries' people understand each other better in various activities. After the Sino-Japanese War, majority of Korean Provisional government members and Korean emigrants in Chongqing returned to their motherland as individual status.