Comparison Of Structure, Semantics, And Pragmatics Of A Sentence Of "Bei" And That Of "Bi"

An essay is mainly focused on means of analysis and comparison for the sentence of"bei"with"bi". It is deliberated about similarities of these two types of sentence that are composed of structure, semantics, and pragmatics. Meanwhile, it is studied on analysis and statistic of errors which can be made by Vietnamese students for the sentence of"bei". Such analysis and statistics point out characteristics and causes of errors helps Vietnamese students understand and learn from grammatical errors. In addition, we compare the sentence of"bei"with the sentence of"bi"as a verb and the sentence of"bi"as modal verb. A whole essay includes four parts.The first part is to arrange ideas. We should limit contents of the sentence of"bei"and that of"bi". We introduce poly-semantics of"bi"and"duoc"and go through process of the comparison of the sentence"bei"and"bi".The second part is to compare structures. First of all, we divide the sentence of"bei"and the sentence of"bi"into three paragraphs A, B, and C. Then we compare the structure of each paragraph A, B and C. We'll later specify characteristics of the sentence of"bi"as a verb. In regards to structure of paragraph A, we compare forming and property of the paragraph A. About its forming, the sentences of"bei"and"bi"are similar. About its property, the sentence of"bei"is more diversified than that of"bi"because it has agent and vacancy. However, the paragraph A which formed by"'a'+ measure word + none"still refers to a fixed ingredient in Chinese, But it is a volatile components in Vietnamese. For structure of paragraph B, we compare structure of N2, property, affirmative character, format of the paragraph B and other adverbial. By comparing position of adverbial, we describe the sentence of"bi"as modal verb, and compare it with the sentence of"bei". Both N2 of the two sentences are definite and indefinite. The format of the paragraph B has three types. They differ from each other in structure and function. The adverbial of the sentence of"bi"which indicating times and places has a flexible position. It can appeare at the end of the sentence but can not in the sentence of"bei". The sentence of"bi"as modal verb is a sentence of active."bi"does not have passive effect. For structure of Paragraph C, we have to compare structure of paragraph C, verb property, and other related components. The related component of the sentence of"bei"is mandatory. The predicate verb in the sentence of"bei"is more restrictive than the verb in the sentence of"bi". On the type of object, these two sentences have their own special type. In the Vietnamese, the characteristics of the sentence which include"bi"as a verb can show the grammar features of the sentence. And it will be compared with the sentence of"bei". If"bi"is used as a verb, the sentence is an initiative sentence. And"bi"never used to indicate a passive thing.The third part is to compare semantics. Next, we compare simple meanings of structures, roles of semantics of N1 and role of semantics of N2, aspects of semantics, and meanings of structures of the sentence of"bi". A result of comparison shows us that pejorative meanings of the sentence of"bei"are more commonly found. However, the sentence of"bi"has the same chance of having good and pejorative meanings. In the sentence of"bei", the semantic role of the Subject and N2 is more plentiful than that in the sentence of"bi". The subject can be the person who makes an action. The object can be reasons of the verb. For the emotional, that negative and positive sentence of"bei"has their own corresponding words in Vietnamese. They use"bi"and"duoc"as the symbol separately. According to the difference of emotional, the counterpart form of the neutral"bei"are different. It can be a sentence with the symbol "???c"; and it also can be the sentence of"bi"with a symbol"bi"that express something unsatisfactory. or express some wishful things by using the symbol"duoc". About the semantic meaning of the sentence of"bi", we pointed out the specific meaning of it:"get"and"exist".The forth part is to compare pragmatics. Limit of comparison on types of sentences, ratio of usage, and discourse focus. On the sentence types, both of the sentence of"bei"and the sentence of"bi"have the same restrictions. On the use frequency,"bi"is far more than"bei", if the subject is"'one'+ measure word + none", and the displayed object of this subject is a result from the verb. The sentence of"bi"has a function that the first word in the sentence is the focus. But the sentence of"bei"doesn't have it.The last part is to analyze errors that are commonly made by Vietnamese students when they use the sentence of"bei". They contain three aspects of investigation, error analysis, and teaching techniques to find out errors, reasons and helpful teaching techniques. In the part of condensed questionnaire, we indicate the objects of the survey, targets, time, content, methods and results. The results showed that the error which is affected by the sentence of"bi"is maximum. And the second is that be affected by modal verb"bi". The quantity of the error which is affected by verb"bi"is less. In the part of errors analysis, according to the different objects, we divided the errors into three categories, five sub-analysis. And then we find out the causes of errors.