A Brief Researchs And Analyzes On The Reform Of Guangdong And Guangxi Salty Law In The Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty,the salt tax is throughout the dynasty financial revenue important origin.The latter Qing dynasty time,the salt tax income is Qing government's financial prop.The salty law is the rules and regulations which produces,transports,sells about the table salt.Qing Dynasty's salty law receives with Ming Dynasty later period creates a line of outline to direct to discuss specially the special shore system,along with the dominant stability,further around the country carries out.Along with the social development and the dominant need,various places carry on the reform to the salty law to be accommodating.At the beginning of Oing Dynasty,The fence Wang(藩王)Shangkexi(沿可喜) hold the place,Guangdong and guangxi's(两广)table salt production transportation and sale was been still encouraging and the retainer controls firmly,the salty advantage is monopolized,both does not favor the Qing government central level funds income,and makes the populace to be not salty may feed.The Kangxi time issues an order to remove the fence,stills chaotic immediately three fence,through takes back the administration and the financial authority Qing government's place government authorities,has relieved the salt industry place monopoly,takes the measure to restore the salt industry.Afterward establishes in the Guangdong and Guangxi discusses specially the officially designated area for the sale of government salt system.After salty law system establishment, because of the water passenger transportation salt strength,the delay port did not sell through businessmen the salt,the Kangxi 37 years(in 1698)cuts the boatman(水客),set up the salt merchant(场商)to raise the stove to receive the salt incapable,the salt merchant cannot buy all the salt,caused port business(埠商)no salt to be possible to transport.The Kangxi 57 years(in 1718)cut the salt merchant,the official sends the tangben(帑本),received the salt by field(场员),by port business transportation and sale. Because leads the salty marketing,after first pays the class pay again,causes the product to direct the back pay,the tangben to be paied delay.Guangdong and Guangxi Governor Sun Shiyi(孙士毅)requested that stops sending the tangben to business,carries on changes the port to turn over to the outline reform,gathers the province river(省河)150 ports(埠)is Whole,establishes the male bureau(公局)to choose the outgoing to discuss premier the salt administration,bureau business(局商)is responsible to collect the capital of salt(盐本),supervises various ports to transport the firm salt to accept the salt tax.After changing the form,salty law was be used 20 years still accumulated debts the salty pay,loss the capital of salt.The Jiaqing 17 years(in1812)cut the bureau business,choose six people before various ports salt merchant to replace the bureau business to take on the duty.The Xianfeng armed forces are popular,should needing of the current politics,the establishment likin(厘金)tax system,the salt also pull out the thousandth,the salt tax both are heavy,thousandth tax and numerous,the Guangdong and Guangxi salt industry port business rests but actually,non-business undertaking salt administration.The Local authority is accommodating passes outline Bao Gei(通纲商包)the merchant,accepts salt tax after Bao Shui(包税),no matter what its management. Implemented for a half year,Qing Dynasty finishes,Republic of China founded a nation, the merchant established the salt industry company to manage the salt industry, Guangdong and Guangxi salty license system marks the period along with one time conclusion.The comprehensive survey Qing Dynasty Guangdong and guangxi salty law system's vicissitude and the reform,Qing Dynasty both hopes a Huainan and Huaibei(两淮)more complete outline business special shore system(纲商专岸制)set of line and to be able not but to do in the Guangdong and Guangxi according to the local actual situation the adjustment.Mainly revolves the table salt the transportation and sale form to carry on the transformation,adopted the government operated transport to sell through businessmen,the government operated transport official to sell,the official to supervise sells through businessmen,business to transport sells through businessmen and so on ways,either successively or and used.Each time the change starting point is not harmed based on the safeguard government authorities salt tax income or reduces the loss, maintains the bureaucrat social class the benefit,but non-system development intrinsic request.Therefore lacks the fruitful reform throughout.Thus has promulgated the feudal salt administration mechanism and the socio-economic development rule leaves contrarily.