Study On Han Private School

In the history of the development of Chinese education, the education of Han Dynasty occupies the important and irreplaceable position. Therefore, the comprehensive, systematic and deep study on Han Private School will objectively and historically help us to understand and estimate the reasons of its rising, its characters which advance with times, its relatively integrated construction as well as its great contribution to temporal society and even the whole ancient education.This article will carry out deep discussion and research on above four aspects.I. The rising of Han Private School and its historical reasons. Why could the Han Private School rise and develop so rapidly? In fact, its special historical background and conditions are as follows:1.The earlier Han rulers adopted the tolerant and even hortative policies toward Han Private School.At the beginning of Han Dynasty, rulers adopted the tolerant and even hortative policies, and they did not intervene in the private education. Especially, when it comes to the middle period of the dynasty, government officials can be chosen according to the experience of studying and teaching in private schools, which offered nice atmosphere to the development of private schools.2.The number of Han Official School was small which was hard to satisfy the requirements of government to choose its officials and the common people to attend the schools.At the beginning of its set up, the Han government was short of persons with ruling ability, while the governmental finance was too limited to build more official schools, thus the teachers and students of private schools became one of important resources for government to choose its officials, which encouraged the people's enthusiasm of building schools.Meanwhile, because Official Schools mainly cultivate the royal members and aristocrats, the average persons with political ambitions having no opportunities to go into it usually turn to private ones. As a result, at the beginning of Han Dynasty, the development of Sects mainly depended on private schools.3. The flourish of science laid good foundation for development of Han Private School.The development of Han Private School related closely to the Han science: on the one hand, Han Private School took science as its background, at the same time, spread and accelerated science; on the other hand, Han science offered cultural atmosphere to the development of Han Private School, and made the schools equipped with learning characters and cultural pursuits. Han Dynasty is famous for its abundant prominent Confucians, masters of learning and school professors. In the process of their teaching and spreading knowledge in the private schools, the education activities are carried out and the boom of the whole dynasty's private schools is achieved.II. The main characters of Han Private SchoolPrivate Schools experienced inhibition in Qin Dynasty, then, in Han, it adjusted itself to time to get grown up again, and showed its hearty vitality and energy. Comparing to that of Pre-Qin Dynasty, private schools in Han has more prominent and advanced characters:1.The schools'scale is larger, and its effect is better. 2.The forms of building schools is agile. 3. People who build schools are numerous and complicated. 4. People who receive the education are from different classes. 5. The relationship between teachers and students becomes more special.From above five aspects, we have more vivid understanding toward Han Private School, and we are also offered a new visual angle to do further study on it.III.The basic structure of Han Private School SystemBased on that of Pre-Qin Dynasty, Han Private School has formed a primary system: to consider it breadthwise, it contains school education for children, for teaching Classics; while consider it lengthways, there are Sects education and family education with vivid characters respectively.They developed step by step and benefit one another, showing the thriving energy of Han Private School.1.Education in"Shu Guan". The academy is like primary schools nowadays. The place for first schooling is called"Shu Guan", while teachers are called"Shu Shi". The education in"Shu Guan"is a very important phase during private school teaching, where the children practice their spelling and laid foundation for advanced study. At that time, many people became eminent after receiving the education of this period. 2.Education for Classics. During the period of East Han, people ran private schools to improve the levels of Classics and mainly taught Classics, to get prepared to enter one's official career, and this is called"Education for Classics". At that time, private schools for teaching Classics has formed stable structure, which is taught at home and called"Jing Lu"or"Jing She". Later,"Jing Lu"or"Jing She"has much influence on the later appeared Academy, and even is said to be the resource of it.3.Sects Education.During earlier years of Han, why could private schools get recovered and developed? It is mainly because Huang-Lao thinking dominated in the area of ideology. Huang-Lao thinking promotes inaction, and it has no intention to forbid other sects, therefore, all schools can utter their opinions which leads to a free development of private schools.4.Family Education.Han Dynasty thought much of family education. Because of its universality, family education became a special form of Han Private School, which can be divided into the following three categories:(1)Impartation of knowledge from generation to generation. Literally, it means the knowledge is delivered from fathers to sons. In Han Dynasty, Confucian Classics is the dominant government learning, and it is also the way for people to begin their official career, so, Classics teaching is the focus of family education.(2)Family Experience and Family Advice.It is mainly to teach children and other family members some experience on life, virtue and interpersonal relationships. Because of its importance, some of the content can only deliver to family members secretly.(3)Education for females.Han society cherishes the education for females, just that this sort of education can only be carried out at home, and mainly about female virtue, female language, female appearance and female behavior, which aims at cultivate good wives and devoted mothers.To sum up, Han Private School constitutes the important and unique education system for its clear aim, abundant teaching content, tactful teaching method, flexible teaching ground, distinctive teachers and students, thus, it makes positive and advanced contribution to the ancient education and social development of our country.IV.The important effect and contribution of Han Private School The rising and boom of Han Private School is a big event in the ancient education history of our country, which has epoch-making meaning and contribution:1. Han Private School broke through the fence of Official School, which was controlled by politics. It separated education from politics, made the atmosphere of science free, and benefited the appearance of multi-schools and the boom of science.2.Han Private School never refused the learners, which promoted the levels of civilization of whole society.3.Han Private School fulfilled the teaching step by step, and it has different types, which accumulated ample teaching experience and completed education system.4.The Han Private School involves in almost all subjects, related to large scale, and made certain contribution to advance the science and technology at that time.This article made comprehensive discussing and research on Han Private School through the point of view of history, sociology, pedagogy and human science. I hope people can achieve objective assessment about Han Private School's important position and effect on history of Chinese education, and I hope it may offer some periodical and academic reference to the study of Han education.