The Grain Riots And Governmental Response Of The Guangdong During Yongzheng And Qianlong Period In Qing Dynasty

Food issue, which immediately influences human life, was attached great importance by the rulers of every dynasty since the very old times. In mid-Ming dynasty of Guangzhou, the phenomenon of food shortage was occurred and was more and more serious. And in Qing dynasty food turmoil was appeared. This paper studies on the phenomenon of food shortage, food turmoil and the policies of government, to make a deeper understanding of the food problems occurred in Yongzheng and Qianlong period, and the influences to Guangdong people's life by the food condition occurred in Qing dynasty.During the process of writing, this text makes reference of local historical data and official documents. Meantime, it also has some research achievements of predecessor. Therefore, the text discusses the viewpoint by the ways of analysis and charts.In the first part of this text is the food turmoil of Yongzheng and Qianlong Period. It introduces the food condition of Guangdong at the end of Ming Dynasty and the begaining of Qing Dynasty, the social economical destruction caused by convulsions in Kangxi period. The Guangdong economic was improved in mid and late Kangxi period and then food problem became shown. Food turmoil came out in Yongqian period. In the second part, it discusses the direct reason and long reason for Guangdong food turmoil and the pressure of people in these areas where turmoil occurred. The shortage of food and abundance of economic materials, the imbalance of quantity of grains, the ill policy of government and natural disasters, all these affected people's heart and life in those days. The third part tells the measures and policies taken by government in accordance with food turmoil, such as banned smuggling, strict on grain trade, invest transportation, reduce tax and so on. The last part is to make a comment on food turmoil. The writer mainly gives some ideas to food policy taken by government in Yongqian Period. A whole analysis of food turmoil and food policy of Guangdong in Yongqian period makes us to have a better way to deal with food problem of Guangdong today and we can take refercne.