The Study On The Process And Act Of External War Of The Shang Kingdom In The Oracle-bone Inscription

The Oracle-bone inscription has been discovered since 1899, and the Oracle-bone subject has become an increasingly international famous doctrine because of the efforts of scholars of several generations.In the 100 years, scholars expanded the depth and breadth of the Oracle-bone subject, and got a lot of achievements. Although the Oracle-bone inscription belongs to the divination in nature, the content is rich, including all aspects of social life at that time. The war accounts for a large proportion of the Oracle-bone inscription. Researches about the war in the Shang Dynasty mostly aim at the study of a country or a war, or a general summary, rarely involved the study on the war process of the Shang Kingdom and the acts of war. For the importance of the topic, this article will go on researching it based on the fomer achivements.In this article, the author will study the external war process of the Shang Kingdom and the acts of war from several angles with the Oracle-bone inscription, the ancient documents and archaeological excavations in Anyang Yin Ruins,in order to restore a complete picture about the external war of the Shang Kingdom.This article was divided into introduction, body and conclusion, sum to three parts five chapters.In the introduction of the first chapter, the author proposed the study difficulty and research methods of the topic of military affairs or war of the Shang Dynasty firstly. Subsequently, by dint of Mr.Wang Yuxin about stages of Oracle-bone subject phylogeny, the course of the military or war of the Shang Dynasty was divided into three phases corresponding,and to cite the representative research achievements of each stage respectively.The body is including the second chapter, the third chapter and the fourth chapter. The second chapter is mostly to make a general overview of the external war-related business of the Shang Kingdom. For example, the character, purpose, object, scale and significance of the external war of the Shang Kingdom, and the composition, establishment, generals, arms, equipment and training of the army of the Shang Kingdom and so on. The third chapter is the focus of this article, is one of the innovations too. In this chapter, the author put forward the process of external war of the Shang Kingdom more systematically and completely, as reflected by the Oracle-bone materials, will be divided into three phases, before the war, during the war and after the war, a total of 15 taches. And each tache was to be demonstrated by the Oracle-bone inscription, ancient documents or archaeological materials. Chapter IV is also the mostly innovation of this article, the author was trying to study the acts of the war of the Shang Dynasty firstly,and enumerated some acts of the external war of the Shang Kingdom seen from the Oracle-bone inscription and the inscriptions on bronze.The conclusion part of the fifth chapter is summed up the full text. Revealed the Shang Kingdom through the war were able to establish the dynasty and maintain the rule.The king Wuding also through crusading against many states and tribes to make the rule of the Shang Dynasty more stable and and achieve an unprecedented flourishing. In addition, the author clarified the relationship between the war process and the acts of war, and pointed out the long war depleted the strength of the Shang Kingdom that is the mean reason leading to their perdition.