On Monarch-Subject Thought Of Hu An' Guo

The relationship between monarchs and his subordinates is always the one of important contents of Confucian, because they are governing class in autocratic societies, they relayed on and also opposed to each other, how to deal with this contradiction directly influenced the autarchy. Hu An-guo was the Confucian during the Song Dynasty who use doctrine to explain "The Spring and Autumn", he paid attention to the relationship of monarchs and his subordinates, and prove the rationality of relationship from the aspect of ontology, the monarch-subject thought was not only the key point of "Spring and Autumn of Hu-Shih", but also the core thought through the entire article. Hu regarded that "Yuan" was the true world source, and relatively speaking to human society, the originality was just the feudal traditional moral, therefore, the monarch's-major duty was "Ti-Yuan", and accordingly, subordinates'duty were "Tiao-Yuan". Hu An-guo link the the source of outer spece "Yuan" and the source of humanity "Xin" with the core of Confucian "Ren" so as to realize the "Theory that Man is an Integral Part-of-Nature". According to the ontology and human nature, Hu An-guo said that the couple was the originality of human relations and then proved the father-son relation, at last, gave prominence to the monarch and subordinates. The new order of principle of feudal moral appeared more in keeping with true life and more rationality. As the chancellors can make direct or indirect influence to the monarch, "Spring and Autumn of Hu-Shih" stress the important effects of the chancellors, however, comparatively, the status of monarch was absolutely higher than chancellor. His idea of running through the originality was "correct feudal moral" and "protect people". He required the monarch to achieve the great undertaking that all is at peace from self-examination to "extend knowledge". "Spring and Autumn of Hu-Shih" listed specific methods of practicing "Ren" and how to be good chancellors according to current politics, so it had the distinct stamp of the age. Hu An-guo was the scholar of emphasizing actual effects, though talked over "prior knowledge" and "prior ability", he thought a lot that how to "extend knowledge". He stressed manpower, advocating destiny was depended on manpower. In Hu An-guo's opinion, the relationship between the monarch and subordinates should rely on morality rather than benefit, because benefit was the reason why the status of monarch and subordinates reversed. As a result, only based on morality can the relationship in correct and safeguard the absolute monarchy.