CHINESE-INDIAN COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON The DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Chinese-Indian comparative research on the development of science and technology has great academic significance as well as important practical meaning. Nowadays there is, however, little research in such aspect in domestic academic circle. In a view of development, this thesis analyses the interior and exterior factors as well as the relation between Chinese and Indian science technology development.In the paper the history of Chinese and Indian technological development has been respectively divided into 3 stages: ancient history, modem history and contemporary history. In different stage, researching those typical interior and exterior factors influencing science technology development, the author make a comparative analysis respectively their superiority and inferiority so as to grope for the experience and lessons of these two countries in developing technology and science.As for ancient stage, based on a brief introduction on science and technology achievements of both China and India, the author analyse with emphasis the discrepancy in social and cultural background which affect the development of science and technology. In the aspect of social background, a comparative research is made on social system, political structure and national development so as to research the effects on these two countries' science and technology development resulting from caste and imperial examination, the combination of religion and politics and centralization of authority as well as the rise and fall of a nation ; in the aspect of cultural background ,the research focuses on the difference in individual religion and philosophy and the internal relation in science and technology .As for modern stage ,research focuses on the effects resulting from the changes in foreign and domestic factors. Foreign factors come mainly from western developed countries ,such as advanced western science and technology organization in science and technology and concepts in this field. Foreign factors also include the impacts from the large-scale wars caused by gradually expanded colonialism and imperialism Meanwhile the domestic factors focus on the promotion from national bourgeoisie and certain enlightened persons, who realize the inferiority of backward science and technology and make great contribution to the development of the national science and technology introducing advanced foreign science and technology by all means and enlightening people's sense on it.As for contemporary stage, a comparative analysis is carried out on respective modernization in science and technology from macro and micro level. Macro concern lies on the discrepancy between Chinese and Indian system and policy in science and technology and international intercourse and cooperation as well as the positive and negative effect caused by the discrepancy, Micro concern lies on the development of software industry. Then follows an analysis on the similarities and differences in respective human resource, software technology garden, the protection of intellectual properties and polices in order to offer suggestions on the adjustion and development of Chinese software industry.