The Tension Establishment Of Early Political Philosophy And System Of The Chinese Empire

During the discussions on the ways for the Chinese empire's political administration since modern times, there came into being two explanation modes which are diametrically opposed to each other. One of them is the so-called "family rule of rites", and the other is named "national autocracy". This dissertation makes use of the basic analyzing categories of modern social theory, namely legitimacy, Bureaucracy, vale reason and tool reason; combines the basic historical facts from the Spring and Autumn period to Qin and Han Dynasty when the ways for political administration of the Chinese empire were established; tries to make clear the rational connection between the above-mentioned two statements and demonstrate the tension construct between them. It has been called into question that political operating mechanism in traditional Chinese society is characterized by the order of Li politics which embodies the Confucian spirits, but conclusion is not drawn thereby that politics of traditional Chinese society is just the legalist school's mono-autocracy and the rule of nationalism. In fact, the Confucian doctrine is not only a kind of hypocritical propaganda but also taking an active part in the system of political governance. Determined by a tension structure between the Confucian School and the Legalist School, traditional Chinese political system shows the characteristic of hereditary bureaucracy.In discussions, we are not merely confined to the basic materials of the ancient Chinese empire. However, we proceed from the perspective of anthropological philosophy to form a tension totraditional politics of the Chinese empire with the help of the political outlook of citizen society which is characterized by value reason practice of subject freedom. Since modern times, Chine has stridden forward to the market-oriented society from the peasant society that lays stress on the agriculture and restrains the trade for thousands of years. In this way, such traditional substance value conceptions as the Confucian doctrines and ethical codes will be faced with serious challenges. Through the above-mentioned analyzing perspective, we will have a deep understanding of the predicaments and opportunities for modern transformation of the political traditions of the Chinese empire.