The Discussion On The Approaches And Models To Transform Agricultural Scientific Achievements

In china, the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements runs at a lower level, which is characterized by the transformation rate of 30%. Every year, there are many awarded achievements but they are not effectively transferred to farmers at large and turned into agricultural productivity. In accordance with actual situations of China, through on-site investigations, and data collection and processing, this transformation reality is systematically analyzed surrounding the patterns of the goals, factors, functions and environments of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements by means of basic theories of agricultural extension, modern enterprise management, marketing, behaviors of farmers, agricultural technical economics and rural sociology, and the knowledge system of agricultural extension as well as system sciences, minimum-factor principle, and chess-playing principle.It is confirmed that the essence of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements is to improve agricultural production, covering the activities to further experiment, exploit, adopt, extend practical scientific achievements resulting from scientific research and technological development until new products, new technology and new materials appear.The indicator system is evolved as follows: transforming rates, extension magnitudes, extension rates, extension indexes of agricultural scientific achievements, and agricultural modernity.The transformation mechanism of agricultural scientific achievements is that the transformation should be aimed at raising the efficiency and market-oriented by using research as the guidance and makes the benefits of farm households as the central issue.It is thought that the key to transform agricultural achievements to production is to strengthen village-level the functions of economic management.The pecking order of the major factors affecting the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements is discussed and it is scientific consciousness>technological magnitude>human and material inputs>human qualities>incentive mechanism> corresponding policies. The transformation of basic scientific achievements should mainly rely on governmental investment with the supplement of the return from the exploitation or the benefits from the partnership. The approaches and models to transform agricultural scientific achievements are summarized as:First, agricultural enterprises are the effective approach to transform agricultural scientific achievements. The approach uses the enterprises as the media of agricultural scientific achievements to organize rural resources for market competition. It connects agricultural scientific achievements with market, companies, bases and farm households in different manners so as to efficiently enhance the developments of the industries concerned with processing, transportation, marketing and services in rural areas. The models by the approach include 'enterprises +farm households', 'companies+ transformation bases +farm households', 'company+ coordinating organizations + farm households', 'specific markets +farm households' and ' enterprises +go-between organization+ farm households'. Second, the economic cooperative organizations should be set up. In order to realize the highest return of economic corporations, The essential components of the transformation system of agricultural scientific achievements should be properly linked through economic connections, incentive mechanisms and regulation mechanism as all the slats of the wood bucket should the same in length for the highest capacity in the management, marketing. The models by this approach include 'cooperative organizations +farm households', 'enterprises + cooperative organizations/ large-scale farm households + farm households', farmer-participating model and share-holding model.Third, the demonstrations, dissemination and motivation of agricultural scientific achievements are made full use of. So this approach goes in the models of demonstration zones...