The Study On The Present Predicament And Trends Of The Township Regime In Our Country

Regards representing state power as its essential feature, the township regime holds main resource of rural society, it is playing an important role naturally while the politics of the rural society develops with the social development. At present, the township regime of our country faces the intricate predicament, turning into the focuses of all kinds of contradictions of rural society. The conflict of interests of the rural society is characterized by directness and sharpness. If the contradiction between peasants and grass-roots regime can't be treated properly, it is very easy to evolve in the antagonistic direction. This will influence stability and development of the rural society seriously, and is not good for the construction of the socialist harmonious society. So, it is necessary to comb down existing problems of township regime theoretically, analyze its cause of rising, and seek the way of the reform of villages and towns management system by combine practice. It is hot questions in the present theory circle that how to make the relation among county, township and village in order. The party and governments at all levels are paying close attention to at the same time. We can say, to study and dissolve the problems of township regime have great theoretical and realistic meaning for perfecting the rural administration structure and building the harmonious rural society. This paper is composed of three main parts excepting preface and the summary. The preface has defined the concept of rural grass-roots regime and concept of township regime, and briefly introduces the development of the villages and towns management system, the meaning of the research and academia achievement at present on this subject. The first part mainly describes the predicament that township regime faces at present Under the traditional system, the function and task of township regime are cleared up gradually, but a great deal of questions reveal out suddenly, so that the rationality and legitimacy of present township regime existence encounter the severe challenges. These challenges are shown as the following five respects mainly: First, the administration structure and legal functions and powers of township regime are incomplete , township regime can not be counted as one complete regime; Second, present township regime faces serious financial crisis, the legitimacy of township regime is declining ; Third, the illegal administrative phenomenon of the township regime takes place occasionally, influence the stability of politics in the countryside seriously; Fourth, the ability of political combination and the function of social control of township regime are becoming weaker, and finally, the " agricultural policy " function of the township regime will shrink. The second part gives a deep analysis to reasons of all kinds of questions in the course of operation of township regime at present. This paper thinks the predicament that township regime faces at present is complicated, and the reasons for the emerging or worsening of predicament are also various. About the reason, I have done deep exploration from five aspects. They are: the structure of power in the villages and towns management system is out-of-balance. Some functions of township regime fail to change with transition of the national macro environment; All kinds of questions appearing in township regime have a deep economic background; the erosion and infiltration of the surging administrative power to the rural autonomy of villages and towns; the cadre's incentive mechanism which is lacked of scientific guidance mislead the administrative goal of township regime. The third part mainly touches upon the feasible route of the reform of the villages and towns management system. The villages and towns management system should be reformed imperatively under the new situation. There are mainly three kinds of reform modules proposed from the academy and practice aspect at present. After analyzing and comparing their pros and cons , gains and losses, by proceeding from our country's actual conditions, I maintain the reform measures should suit to local conditions in accordance with the economic strength , population , region situation of each township and should be treated with a certain distinction. For those township greatly depending on traditional agriculture with weak economy should pursue the reform of "turning township regime into agency " ; And for those with developed industry and strong economy township where fiscal revenues mainly come from economic and trade field and in big town scale and complicated government function should pursue the reform of" town regime governance" to keep the establishment of one government to carry out the democratization reform of the original regime organization with political civilization as its direction. There is a basic job that needs to be done for pursuing "town regime governance ", i.e. the standard for improving the organic town should be set up scientifically and rationally. After comparative analysis, the reasonable choice for the villages and towns management system reform is: measures should be suit to local conditions and should be categorized. Pursue the reform of "turning township regime into agency " and " town regime governance "progressively. And establish the new-type administrative management system. Create conditions for villages and towns autonomy and make great efforts to promote the self-administration and self-contained of village society. This part explains the meaning and its system codes of "turning township regime into agency "and"town regime governance "especially. The reform of "turning township regime into agency"means that change township regime into an agency of the county government That is to say to simplify the township grass-roots regime to one basic administrative organization from the general system of township. The key to the reform is to cancel the finance of township. The" town regime governance"means setting up grass-roots regime in town which enjoys certain autonomy, the powers of making policy about the local affairs and autonomy of the financial revenue and expenditure. The reform first requires counties and cities to give certain power to town regime. The more important thing is to expand the autonomy of the town. The reform still requires the new-type of administrative management system should be established. About structuring combination mechanism effectively and building the harmonious rural society,the main measures including creating condition to promote self-administration and self-contained of the rural society, combining the rural society under the guidance of the theory of building the harmonious social socialism, breaking social structure of two duality.