| Alliance strategy as a means is an indispensable element of the U.S. global strategy. The mission of the alliance is to deal with the menace from countries outside the alliance and country group. The strive for building alliance globally especially in importantly strategic place and trying to be the most significant role in the alliance is a major part in military security strategy of America after the Second World War. The adjustments and changes of the U.S. Asia-Pacific Alliance, as an existence not to be ignored in Asia-Pacific area and a decisive"variable", directly affect the trend of the security system of Asia-Pacific area, so an overall observation and analysis about the alliance is needed, which will help to make corresponding strategies actively.The first part of the essay mainly analyzes the historical process of the U.S. Asia-Pacific Alliance system. The establishment of global alliance system of America can trace back to the Cold War, in which the U.S. Asia-Pacific Alliance is an important pillar. After the cold war, though the Soviet Union has disintegrated, America maintains the huge military alliance system to the best of his ability built during the Cold War. In Asia-Pacific area, America still considers bilateral alliance as his foundation of foreign policy, and in the bilateral alliances such as U.S.-Japan, U.S. South-Korea, U.S.-Australia, and U.S.-Philippines, America remains a central role. However, after"9.11"event, America reconsiders his national security strategy and regards anti-terrorism and nonproliferation as chief purpose of America foreign policy. America has started to adjust Asia-Pacific Alliance system by combining his anti-terrorism strategy and international strategy. The adjustments include regulating America's armies in Asia-Pacific area gradually and building small-scaled base in Australia and Singapore etc. or reaching agreements about common training on the basis of maintaining America's military base in Japan and South Korea. America pays much more attention to his military arrangement's flexibility, for he has no clear rival to vie with for hegemony.The second part of the essay introduces the adjustments to the structure of the alliance, America considers military alliance in which it enlarges and emphasizes his leading role as new foundation of international security strategy of America after the Cold War and of preserving his"world leading status". Therefore, America seeks area alliance pattern actively according with his benefit. This part analyzes the changes of American alliance strategy from the aspect of structure adjustments to the alliance and the levels of alliance system. The first pattern is called"Hub and Spokes". After the Cold War, the foundation of America's policy in Asia-Pacific area is bilaterally military alliance and forward military arrangement--"Hub and Spokes", i.e. the pattern consists of five pairs of formal bilateral alliances and several informal security relations concerning field of military cooperation and involving the whole Asia-Pacific area. With the termination of the Cold War, the limitation of America's new requests for his alliance becomes obvious, so the cooperation among countries in the alliance has been put in the schedule, which the second pattern"NATO"mainly concerns about. America not only strengthens bilateral alliance structure net leading by the U.S. in Asia-Pacific area in the past, it also embarks on advancing lateral ties among countries in the alliance at the same time, in which America is still a core power. The reason of doing that is to expand military alliance and establish"small NATO"in Asia-Pacific area. The"9.11"event further advances the optimization of alliance structure; the compound pattern which includes"Hub and Spokes"and"NATO"is a new choice. The optimization of Asia-Pacific alliance structure is an important way for America to enhance alliance's efficacy.The third part analyzed the enhancing of the alliance efficiency. The basic function of alliance in military field is a method of improving a country's security coefficient. By military alliance, the United States establish a strong safety net in the Asia--Pacific region. The safety net will not only provide the United States military bases in the Asia--Pacific region--in both peacetime and wartime provide important for the United States to control the Asia--Pacific region to the supplies; can also help the U.S. as the defenders of order in the Pacific Asia region. First, the effectiveness of the alliance was to meet a common enemy, from the Soviet Union and socialist states in the Cold War to the terrorism after"9.11"event, which are all America's and its alliance's enemies. Second, The alliance also has the function of restraint and controlling countries in the alliance. America tries to control political and military influence on Japan by bringing it into the peaceful course after the Second World War and preventing Japan from shaking off America's restraint after the Cold War. The Asia-Pacific alliance system of America once played a positive role in improving the stability of regional security. For example, the breakup of the Soviet Union didn't cause the collapse of regional pattern and reorganization of powers and the cooperation between America and Japan in solving nuclear crisis of Korea. Finally, on the ensure military bases and military superiority, the United States establish a global network of military bases relied on local bases.In the process of maintaining America's interest and reconstructing world order, America will rely on military measures more than before and further strengthen its military power. Though America reduces his armies and bases in foreign countries, it remains forward arrangement in Asia-Pacific area. In order to beat the new enemy--terrorism, American government adjusts its national security strategy and gives up original deterrence and containment policy and take preemptive strategies. America enhances its influence on the area by fast and flexible reactions to the global crisis and preventing the emergence of regional hegemonism. The fourth part analyzes the trend of the alliance on the basis of America's adjustments to the alliance according to the changes of Asia-Pacific area situation. First and foremost, after"9.11"event, the concentration of America's national strategy has been changed into nontraditional security from traditional strategy, and its strategic kernel begins to transfer to"ability basis"from"menace basis". Anti-terrorism and nonproliferation has become two important points in American security policy. Second, America wants to build new alliance net to control Asia-Pacific area. America not only tries to maintain military existence of East Asia and strengthen bilateral military alliance, it also advocates multilateral district security talks and cooperation to further perfect its Asia-Pacific security net. But the multilateral security frame is only a supplement to the bilateral and multilateral security system, so developing multilateral system doesn't mean to replace alliance. Last but not least, America will accelerate adjustment to the alliance and build global strategy foundation. In the long period, America's alliance policy will go on and adjust accordingly, the emphasis of which is to transfer the function to enlarge intervention ability and enhance flexibility and suitability to the new situations through regulating armies in foreign countries.This essay is from the historical process of alliance system, the adjustment of alliance structure, the enhancing of the alliance efficiency three aspects allied to the U.S. Asia-Pacific alliance of remoulded to carry on multi-level, multi-angle perspective of the analysis and draw conclusion, alliance will continue to be an important tool for the United States to maintain its security interests, the United States not only in the Asia-Pacific region to strengthen the bilateral alliance between the United States and its allies in the Asia, but also through cooperation make the Asia-Pacific region for a collective security alliance network. Construction used to suppress terrorism at the same time the meteoric rise of China's strategic encirclement.China advocated the "mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination" as basal of new security, surmount Cold War thinking, abandon the idea of seeking security by confrontation, oppose hegemonism; China's new security concept emphasizes using non-military means to deal with global threats, should include traditional and non-traditional security issues of comprehensive security, against the United States to maintain its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region's main military alliance, adopting a policy of multilateral cooperation. China believes that the United States still uses the old Cold War mentality to deal with issues under the new situation and national security in the Asia-Pacific region, this will aggravate mutual distrust between the countries in the Asia-Pacific region, making the regional situation more complicated. And the history also proved that the old security concept which is based on military alliances to strengthen the arms, is not conducive to safeguarding international security and can't even construct a lasting world peace. |
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