| This research had explored 381 Mongolian middle school students in the west area of Inner Mongolia , The ethnic identity scale of Mongolian middle school students (MSEIS) was developed in the research.The research had discussed the relationship between ethnic identity and ethnic differentiation, explored whether the demographic variables , such as sex ,the educational attainment of both parents ,income ,the numbers of Han friends et al ,have influence on the ethnic identity. The research suggests that :(1) The MSEIS has a good reliability and validity. The MSEIS including two sub-scale: Ethnic identity scale,including 23items and the Ethnic differentiation scale including 13 items.(2) The ethnic identity scale mainly involved five dimensions:The cognition and exploration of the ethnic identity, the ethnic belonging and attachment, the recognition of the ethnic identity, the ethnic pride and the ethnic inferiority.The ethnic differentiation scale mainly involved two dimensions: The cognition and emotion of ethnic differentiation, the social behavior of ethnic differentiation.(3) Ethnic identity is closely correlate with ethnic differentiation .(4)The result suggested that there is a significant difference between Mongolian boys and girls in terms of ethnic identity,and the former is higher than the latter .(5) The educational attainment of father is positively related to their level of ethnic identity.(6)The students who only using Mongolian had higher ethnicidentity than the students using both Mongolian and Chinese.(7) The number of Han friends of Mongolian middle school students can forecast their ethnic differentiation efficiently, the more the Han friends they had ,the less the ethnic differentiation they had.(8) The language using at home can also forecast ethnic differentiation of Mongolian students, the students who only using Mongolian had higher ethnic differentiation than the students using both Mongolian and Chinese.
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