Research On The Gathering And Communication Of Sci-tech Information In Public Emergencies

Since entering the 21st century, a series of public emergencies happened frequently in the whole world has great effects on the human society. The "tragedies" caused by these public emergencies are the warnings in the modern society which is developing rapidly, and, as well, bring a new demand to the government about the ideas, strategies and methods when they deal with the emergencies. It is shown that the ability of human beings to respond to crises has to be improved, and it is in an urgent to establish a comprehensive system of gathering and communicating sci-tech information in public emergencies.An issue that there are no clear definitions of basic concept and the research range of public emergencies exists in most related studies. Many researchers can't tell public emergencies from crises, which leads to the lack of the consistence and integration of the world concept while studying public emergencies. This study indicates: public emergency is a branch of public crisis, but not the crises themselves. Public crisis stress on the crisis, however, the public emergencies are the origins of the crisis, focusing more on the events. Main characteristics of public emergencies are:â‘ suddenly and urgent;â‘¡public and social;â‘¢harmful and threatening;â‘£proliferation and not qualitative. Based on these characteristics and the study need, public emergencies are divided into four types in this paper: natural disasters, accidents disasters, public health emergencies and social security incidents.To gather the true sci-tech information in public emergencies comprehensively is the foundation of management of crisis information. Public's cognition, emotion and behavior to the risks can be affected by many aspects, such as the content, time, accuracy, honesty of the releasing sci-tech information, and the authoritative of the disseminators. In practice, there are several types of sci-tech information according to the causes and results, the existence and being aware or not of information, the studying fields, and the different stages of the incidents. Then it will play a better role of understanding, prediction, decision-making and regulation in public emergencies.Based on the goal and requests, sci-tech information gathering in public emergencies has to follow these steps: first, to make the requiring group clear; second, to find ways for information gathering; third, to chose the final way. And there are also some ways to gather information, as the spot investigation, the logic relation acquisition, all-the-way tracking acquisition and the advisory acquisition and so on. In the whole process, we often take one as the main, and some other as the assistant.Appropriate dissemination of accurate sci-tech information in public emergencies is the objective of managing crisis information. Communication is the core of crisis management, and communication of sci-tech information is an important part of dealing with the crisis. Appropriate processing should be done before the dissemination, and then to spread the information via government agencies and the mass media. Sci-tech information plays the important roles of environmental monitoring, security guarantee, the knowledge spread, public scientific literacy enhancement, topics setting and public opinion guidance, etc.