Rural Governance: Structural Dilemmas And Reform Path

Based on the analysis framework of the political system thoery, this paper analysis with two dimensions of the village governance structure as well as the historical changes, then to look after the village governance structure reform path in agricultural tax era.Firstly, on view of the historical changes, China rural governance structure evolution experienced four forms :county administration and rural selfgovernance in traditional period, brokerage system in the Late Qing Dynasty, the people's commune system in the state-builting period, and town-administration and village slef-governance present.Secondly, from the view of rural governance practice, due to the excessive pressure-type system and highlight the low organization of farmers, the function of rural goverment has disfunction. County government for the township government and the absolute control over input, the township government in the county-oriented value choice, in the behavioral effects of over-expansion of self-government, the political system in the township system of the upward and downward heavier lying the burden on peasants, and the shortage of public services "output failure" phenomenon, the basis of legitimacy of dwindling. Under the heavy burdens on peasants, the protect-type village governance elite have to opted out the village-level organizations and the profit-oriented villages elite into it, and further tightened the squeeze from the farmers, village-level organizations of farmers and the elite the economic interests and political aspirations for integration to absorb the "gatekeepers" function loss, the loss of management authority; In a state of aphasia atoms of rural farmers face of the two organizations from over, only to leapfrog the higher authorities, and the everyday forms of resistance, and other non-institutionalized political participation, led to conflict and crisis directly between farmers and township.At last, on post-agricultural tax period, the rural governance structure should be in accordance with logic way of. the balance of power, the interests of heterogeneity, and information symmetry of a reconfigurable. The concrete path is following: the management system at the county and township, changed from a pressure type system to a system of cooperation, the relations between township and village-level oganization changed from a control-type to a services-type, the relationns between village-level organizations andt the farmers reformed from the autonomy-by-authority to the autonomy-by-representative ; In the township government relations with the peasants, from a country empowered to authorize the social changes, in the structure of farmer's political participation changed from the individual-type to groups-type; ultimate realization of the rural community of good governance, harmony and development.