On The Multi-Collaborative Governance System For Resolving The Dilemma Of Collective Action

The dilemma of collective action is an objectively existing social phenomenon. It is the result of the rational individual behaviors under non-cooperation game. Today, public problems in our society are becoming more and more, while the resource deployment system is dominated by individual behaviors pursuing for interests. Regarding the management of public affairs, there is always some inconsistence between the individual rationality and the collective rationality and the tragic result in which public things cannot obtain peoples' concerns. How to transform the dilemma of collective action to the Pareto improvement of it? It's a major issue which is discussed by many scholars in the fields of management science, economics, politics and sociology.At present, there are several solutions for the dilemma of collective action, which include the government model, the privatization model and the self-governance model. Each of them is effective under certain situations. But they also have limitations which cannot be overcome by themselves. The core reason for the difficulty of collective action research is that, because of the complexity and versatility of collective actions, people often analyze how to resolve these problems directly after simply describing the collective action. In fact, they neglect the deep reasons for these problems. In view of this, this article explores the underlying reasons leading to the dilemma of collective action from four perspectives: the institution, the structure, the human nature, the resource and the product.How to get out of the dilemma of collective action? This article introduces the theories about polycentric governance, participative governance and enabling government. Meanwhile, it takes the civil society's emergency and the social power's multiplex tendency into consideration. Based on this, this article proposes to build a multi-collaborative governance system for public affairs under the three dimensional frame consist of the government, the market and the civil society. The government, the enterprise and the civil society may act according to their localization, make full use of their advantages, cooperate and complement, share the responsibility and benefits, and gain effective governance to public affairs at last. Multi-collaborative governance doesn't repel the government's dominant position. As the representative of social and public interests, the government plays the vital role in regulating the main body's behaviors, guiding the market and society develop healthily and coordinating the conflicts among them. Therefore, the government still should occupy the main central status in the multi-collaborative governance system at present.When emphasizing rigid institutional arrangements, we should also realize the important meaning of social capital as"soft"plans to solve the difficulty of collective action. So we need take the social capital as the inner foundation of the multi-collaborative governance system. This will strengthen the mechanism and improve the efficiency and level of the public affair governance.In addition, this article tries to carry on the multi-collaborative system in the actual world preliminarily by taking our country's water business as an example, which will enhance the practical application value of the theory.