| The concept of policy networks was produced in the 1980s. Lots of research was conducted by many scholars, including both theoretical and practical studies. Many scholars thought that the policy networks model has opened a new age for policy research, while some scholars thought that this model was only a kind of"metaphor". Whether a theory is mature or not depends upon the examination in practice. Even if the policy networks model has its serviceability in the developed countries, but we don't know whether it can apply in China's transforming society. When some Chinese researchers applaud for it nowadays, we must consider whether the policy networks model can be applied in China transforming society's reality. This paper mainly used comparative analysis method for some aspects which including the policy networks'birth background, the policy networks' characteristics, and whether it can be successfully transplanted in China. That is, an identification of policy networks model is whether a kind of metaphor or reality.This paper's writing accorded to the following logical framework: first, analyzed the background and realistic characteristics which the US-Europe policy network model exists. Second, analyzed the background and policy environment in China's transforming society. Third, made contrast about the real situation between US-Europe and China. Finally, made judgments about whether China has its policy network the same as the US-Europe scholar semantics', whether China's realistic environment is advantageous to the policy network's cultivation and the development and whether China does have its own policy networks or develops its policy networks own characteristics.This paper mainly included five parts:1. Carried on the summary to policy networks'research situation in present. First, based on three aspects, main schools, research angle, the identification focus, analyzed US-Europe scholars'research for the policy networks model. Second, by scanning mainland scholars and Taiwan scholars'research situation in present, obtained Chinese scholars general research situation about policy networks model. Finally, discovered some problems in policy networks'research, such as systematic research is insufficient, application scope is fuzzy and certain concepts have not get the reasonable explanations.2. The background and special characteristics of US-Europe policy networks model. On the one hand, for the background that produced the US-Europe policy networks model, I elaborated some general background, including democracy politics and political party system, post-industrialization society, pluralism tradition, freedom of religious belief, which the US-Europe countries are have in common. Then analyzed four countries political culture: US, British, German and Holland. On the other hand, analyzed the special characteristics of policy networks in US-Europe countries. By understanding US-Europe country's policy networks meaning, enumerated the types of US-Europe country policy network, analyzed the weight targets of US-Europe national policy network architecture, I obtained three characteristics of the US-Europe policy network.3. Made analysis of China transforming society's essential features and policy environment. On the one hand, China transforming society has four essential features: social class differentiation and benefit structure reorganization, central committee authority drop and social power shift, social system vicissitude and groups conflict, social psychology anxious and values multiplication. On the other hand, analyzed China transforming society's policy environment through studying three aspects, policy area, policy stability, and policy execution.4. Made an inspection for applying policy networks pattern to China transforming society. First, analyzed special characteristics of China policy networks. Made an insight of policy networks by examining the network density, network centrality and network hollow cores; analyzed China policy networks types by borrowed scholar Rhodes'model; obtained China policy networks'three characteristics: does not have the substantive multi-participant, does not have strong participant's mutual dependence, does not admitted the policy network materially by the political system and the social culture. Next, policy networks model was used to analysis China's policy process. As to policy agenda, made a judgment that mainly nodes plays absolutely control, the policy agenda setting has not formed normalizing in the policy networks, the network that containing specialized knowledge plays a more important role in policy agenda day by day; as to policy implementation, made a judgment that mainly nodes constituted the only policy execution network, there is not sufficient policy execution resources in the network, lacking the potential nodes and the non-nodes'support in policy execution. As to policy results, the relationship between policy community and policy result are the closest, the non-nodes and the potential nodes also have influence to the policy results and political system deciding policy results. Finally, synthesis comparative analyzed all related aspects about policy networks. Compared with the background which produced policy networks between US-Europe and China; compared with the policy networks types between US-Europe and China; compared with the policy networks weight targets between US-Europe and China; compared with the policy networks characteristics between US-Europe and China.5. Made a conclusion for this paper. China's policy networks is not a perfect policy networks, is a local networks, and is the overall loose networks; China transforming society's policy networks does not have the same meaning with that in US-Europe scholars linguistic environment refers to; the develop of China transforming society's policy networks may favor in US-Europe pattern. In conclusion, the policy networks which embed in China's transforming society merely available as an"inspirational description"and a kind of"metaphor"with some fact representations.
|
PDF Full Text Request