Investigation And Analysis Of "Three Independence" Carried Out In Physical Education Of Regular Institutions Of Higher Education In Yantai

Ministry of Education issued Teaching Guidelines for PE in Regular Institutions of Higher Education in August, 2002. The central point is to regard the curriculum as the starting point and end result of course reform. The new curriculum changed the discipline-centered practice completely and the focus has been changed from knowledge and techniques to students'development and student-centered practice. It reflects the people-oriented and social demands and students'integrated development, both physically and psychologically. Guidelines require that students should have the right to choose course content, teachers and class period independently, that is"Three Independence"physical education. Department of Physical Education, Health and Arts of Ministry of Education emphasized the implement of Teaching Guidelines for PE in Regular Institutions of Higher Education and"Three Independence"principle in physical education in its important notice in 2006. According to the strategic plan, that is, giving priority to the development of education and constructing the powerful nation of human resources, put forward by 17th CPC National Congress, the Guidelines considered people-oriented practice as the basic demand for education. All these embody the necessity and inevitability of being student-centered in education. In teaching, abundant teaching resources can satisfy students'needs. Yantai is a costal city in eastern region and the pioneer of reform and opening-up policy. How did the institutions of higher education in Yantai do in carrying out the"Three Independence"in physical education reform? Can they satisfy the students'choosing rights? The thesis chose the administrative staff of physical education, physical education teacher and students in institutions of higher education offering optional physical education in Yantai as the subjects of research. Using literature review, statistics and logical analysis, the thesis investigated the students'options and related issues in the implement of physical education and drew the following conclusions:I Conclusion1.1 When carrying out the"Three Independence"advocated by Teaching Guidelines for PE in Regular Institutions of Higher Education, the institutions of higher education in Yantai got some results in physical education. They advocated student-centered practice in physical education and satisfied most of the students'demand and increased their interests in physical education and enthusiasm of taking part in physical exercises. But the respective institutions only achieved the independences of choosing course content and their teachers and could not achieve the independence of choosing class periods.1.2 In physical education, options have been adjusted according to students'demands and basically satisfy the majority's requirements. But the total quantity of options is relatively low and there was contradiction between students'alternatives and courses resources. For some options, teachers, ground and facilities are limited and cause big-size classes. Some students cannot choose their favorite options and therefore cannot be fully satisfied.1.3 Many teachers are specialized and versatile and the experienced teaching staff makes up the major part, which can satisfy the majority's choices of teachers. But teachers lack chances to further their education and cannot acquire latest teaching philosophy and professional skills. There are differences in their comprehensive quality, which can not fully satisfy students'requirements on teachers.1.4 The class periods of physical education are arranged by educational administration and cannot achieve the independence of choosing class period. But what the institutions arranged is not far from students'demand and can satisfy the requirements of the majority.2 Suggestions2.1 Institutions are supposed to fully realize the necessity and inevitability of student-centered practice in physical education, offer abundant courses resources to satisfy students'demands and try their best to carry out"Three Independence"to raise the teaching quality.2.2 Institutions should invest more in physical education and offer a lot more options for students. They should also offer some options with folk custom or interests according to the local culture and open up some popular items that have body-building effects. They can also increase the periods of time for students, decrease the class size and reduce the choice of hotspot options. Students of different grades can choose the same option and they can be divided according to their level of craftsmanship.2.3 Institutions should provide more policies to encourage teachers to further their education through different channels, broaden their horizon and expand their professional skills and produce more teaching staff who are specialized and versatile. Furthermore, institutions can introduce teachers to increase the teaching content and satisfy students'demands on teachers.2.4 Educational administration should take the actual requirements of students into consideration while arranging the class periods and provide more options of periods of time to try to achieve the independence of choosing the class period.