On The Liberal Orientation Of Teaching Values In Swiss Primary And Secondary Schools

Switzerland is located in central Europe, is a federal country, known as the heart of Europe, land area of 41,285 square kilometers, population of 700 million. Switzerland attaches great importance to education, funding for education at all levels of government accounted for a large proportion of the budget (in the federal budget accounted for 8%, in state and municipal budgets budget accounted for about 25%). National implemented nine-year compulsory education, and in theory, eliminate illiteracy. The characteristics of Swiss education are:universal secondary education, the small proportion of high school, the large proportion of vocational education, high quality of higher education.Swiss orientation of teaching values is guided by liberalism. This liberalism, is not the theory of liberalism which in political philosophy, but in the process of teaching pursuit the freedom of students. What respects the freedom of students in teaching, advocates training independent thoughts and personalities of students, advocates equality of opportunity of students in teaching, and provides the opportunities of free discussion for students.This paper has used some research methods, is document analysis, historical research, factor analysis and comparative study. Firstly, it studies the theory of the liberal orientation of teaching values, secondly, it analysis and researches the nature and contents of the liberal orientation of teaching values in Swiss primary and secondary schools, and its form of manifestations, then compares with Chinese orientation of teaching values in primary and secondary schools.This study consists of seven parts: The first part is the preface. This section summarily elaborated the origin of the research, the purpose and meaning of the research, and the trains of thought and the methods of the research.The second part, on the theory of liberal of teaching values. This part defined the concept of orientation of values, orientation of teaching values, liberalism, and liberal orientation of teaching values. Succinctly discussed the principles of liberalism, was individualism and freedom within the limits.The third part, mainly discussed the necessity of the development of liberal orientation of teaching values in Swiss primary and secondary schools from three sections, were diverse cultural traditions, social system of direct democracy, and the evolution of education in Swiss.The fourth part, on the pursuing and the limit of the liberal orientation of teaching values in Swiss primary and secondary schools. The pursuing of the liberal orientation of teaching values in Swiss primary and secondary schools is:the independent of students' spirit and personality, freedom of students' speech and thought, and the equal Opportunity among students. The part of limit, elaborated that the personal freedom would be limited by respected other's freedom, then get the most freedom.The fifth part, elaborated the performance the liberal orientation of teaching values in Swiss primary and secondary schools, they were the teaching objectives which pursuit freedom, multi-level and diversified teaching content, flexible teaching methods which based on discussion, independent and mutual aid teacher-student relationship, and the teaching evaluation which attention to the process of teaching.The sixth part, on reflections of the liberal orientation of teaching values in Swiss primary and secondary schools and the inspirations for Chinese primary and secondary school teaching. The reflections were the advantages and disadvantages of the liberal orientation of teaching values in Swiss. The inspirations were protecting students' freedom, training students' personality, respecting the right to speak, and providing the equal opportunity in teaching.The seventh part is concluding. Reflects the foregoing, summarizes harvest and lack of studies, and proposes direction of future efforts.