The Study Of High Sex Ratio At Birth Among Shanghai Floating Population

Since Chinese government implemented the family planning policy in the early 1970s, one-child policy was proposed, adjusted and improved. Along with the reform and opening-up, there brought tremendous changes in economic and social fields. With the continuous improvements of people's income levels, educational levels, the quality of life and the quality of fertility, the country's fertility rates decreased rapidly. The rates of high birth, high death and low growth in China's population have become to low birth, low death and low growth, China has been the world's low birth rate country. However, with the decline in fertility rates and the completion of the demographic transition, the continuous high sex ratio at birth has become one of the most notable structural changes in the past 20 years. The normal range of sex ratio at birth is generally 103～107. However, since the 1980s, China's sex ratio at birth has risen continuously, up to 107.6 in 1982, 111.3 in 1990 and even 116.9 in 2000, which increased 7.74% within 18 years. With the reform and opening up, floating population went to the urban areas. As a typical representative of China's cities, there gathered a large number of floating population in Shanghai. According to the data of Fourth Population Census in 1990 and Fifth in 2000, the sex ratio at birth of Shanghai's resident population in the Fourth Population Census was within the normal range but up to 110.64 in the Fifth Population Census. During the seven years from 2001 to 2007, the sex ratio at birth of Shanghai's resident population has become year-on-year rise. Since 2002, the ratio were higher than normal level of 107, reaching the highest point 113.6 in 2007. By analyzing the birth of household and floating population during the same period, the birth rates of floating population accounted for ove one-third of the resident population's in recent years; and the sex ratio at birth of household population was below 107, while the floating population is a serious deviation from the 120 or so. It can be seen that the high sex ratio at birth of floating population has a direct and serious impact on the sex ratio at birth of resident population in Shanghai. The high sex ratio at birth has lead to a series of serious social problems, such as: marriage squeeze, violation of women's rights, pressure on social endowment, which adversely affected economic development.This paper based on Shanghai, by questionnaires and interviews among the urban floating population with different gender, age and educational levels, understand the knowledge of sex ratio at birth , the birth gender wishes, the birth wishes and the view of current generational policy. By In-depth interviews among the experts on population, population and family planning, legal and scholars on the sociology, understand the view of the high sex ratio at birth. On this basis, the main influencing factors of the high sex ratio at birth among urban floating population are: the generational policy, boys preferred, the social security system and non-medical needs of sex identification, and the solution of the issue is to step up public opinion and propaganda, improve relevant policy, social security system and strengthen legal system and bring it into the government performance evaluation system.