A Study On Xinjiang Population History In The Qing Dynasty

ABSTRACT The development of population is based on the social stability and the development of productive forces, and the procession of the population development itself is also the re-production of the human being. The development of population will undoubtedly have a great influence on both China and world now and in the future in the human history. The study of population history is also gradually has become a hot point. Xinjiang抯 population development of Qing Dnast in the history of Xinjiang and of its population occupies an important position and topped all previous records comparing with any previous Dynasties before it in the Chinese history. After the Qing Dynast government reunified Xinjiang , for the importance of Xinjiang抯 location and special characteristics , Xinjiang抯 population shares some common characters and differs b~ contrasting them with the characters of population development of inland provinces . These are accorded with generality and individualit, accorded with universality and particularity of historical dialectical materialism. This thesis takes the history of Xinjiang抯 population development in the Qing Dynasty as its major study subject. It surpasses the period from the Emperor Qianlong抯 unification of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty till the beginning of the Republic of China, which also talks about Xinjiang抯 social and population situations during the period of the Zhunge er Mongolia and in the beginning of the Republic of China. The contents of the thesis included three stages of Xinjiang抯 population development in Qing Dv nasty as followed: The first stage begins from the reunfication of Xinjiang by the Qing Dynasty government to the early period of the Emperor Daoguang. During this period the Xinjiang抯 social situation genarallv was stable and the economy was in a state of recovery and development. From some population informations we grasp today and the estimation of the population amount the first stage can also be devided into three substages. By comparing of these three substages, we can have more clearly understanding to the social situations, population policies and population amounts in the beginning and the later period in the first stage. In these times the changes on population moving policies and enlargement scales to wastelands made Xinjiang抯 agricultural economy get more development than its previous Dynasties. Generally speaking, in the first stage Xinjiang抯 population increased steadily in a fast speed although enduring the influence of rebellions raised by the descendants of Hezhuo抯. The second stage: the period from the Emperor Tongzhi抯 ruling to the early period of the Emperor Guangxu抯, during which Xi~ijiang抯 population development almost stopped because of destruction of frequent wars. Agubo of Haohan State and the tsarist Russia抯 armies not only massacred people but also pillaged a lot of people out of the country. After 100 years or so increasing of Xinjiang抯 population , its development was to a standstill, even declined. The third stage is the re-increasing of Xinjiang抯 population during the period from the early period of the Emperor Guangxu抯 ruling to the end of the Emperor Xuantong抯.The Qing Dynasty government put down the rebellions in the south of...