| China and Japan are very close geographically and historically, and they have a close relationship in their culture and economy. So was the educational system that was very similar to each other before the introduction of modern schooling system. However, in the new education and modern schooling systems that were introduced to the nations under the influences of Western Culture, there were different items in the content and development process because of the differences in political and social conditions of the two countries at that time. Therefore, it is necessary and meaningful to have comparative review of the systems in two countries.This essay states the theories of schooling systems, analyze the historical background and development progress of the disappearance of old education system and the introduction of new education system and new schooling systems of the two countries and identify the similarities and differences between them.The scope of the study focuses on the bearing of new education and the establishment of modern schooling system and the formation process of modern schooling systems. For this, the method of iterature research was conducted. Literatures and articles related to schooling systems in Japan and Chinese were collected.Before civilization the schooling system and the purpose of introducing Modern Schooling System were similar. However, because of the differences of political social conditions between the two countries at that time, each country introduced different contents of schooling system.In terms of comparing and researching modern education innovation in China and Japan, this thesis makes a conclusion of social politics and cause of economic act that influence direction of education innovation in China and Japan, and sum up experiences through comparing and researching history, all of these experiences provide historical references for our strategy of "science and education develop China" which is implementing.
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