On The Institutional Environments Of Teacher's Appointment System In Colleges And Universities Of China

In the 21st century, talent is the most important strategic resources. As thebasic plant of talent cultivation, universities and colleges take a more and morecritical position in a country. The faculty of University, who undertakes the creativeactivities of university, has its significance. However, the serious problem that thefaculty is lacking of higher talent and motivation to work is the limit to thedevelopment of higher education and the improvement of talent quality.After the foundation of P.R.C, the system of teacher post in universities andcolleges of China has past several stages. Through the study of that history, the authortried to find out the background of the reform of teacher's appointment system, andthe problems in the management of the faculty in China. Under the pressure from thegovernment, Chinese universities have been striving hard to put the teacher'sappointment system into practice since the middle of 1980s. To some extent, thereform changed the past situation;however the real teacher's appointment system hasnot built up under the limitation of subjective and objective conditions. The facultystill lacks of competition and turnover. As a general practice of the management offaculty in western, the system of teacher's appointment has a solid theoreticalfoundation and practice basis. Then, what did limit the advanced western system tohave it actual effect in universities and colleges of China?Based on the theory of institutional economics, this dissertation tried to find outthe reasons for the failure of the reform,through the study on the institutionalenvironments of the system of teacher's appointment in American universities. Atpresent, the reform on the system of faculty appointment failed times and times. Thekey reason for the system of faculty appointment can not have it actual effect is thatthe relevant institutional environments of the system of teacher's appointment inChina are not mature. On the relationship to the government, the University, under theadministrative branch's micro-control, does not have the deserved right to make itsown decisions in running school, and lacks of motivation and capability to implementthe system of teacher's appointment. On the internal management of colleges anduniversities, administrative power manipulates the school, and academic authority cannot have it effects on school affaires. On one hand, the present academic organizationsdo not provide proper system for talent assessing and selecting to the facultyappointment;on the other hand, the management inside the University can not createsuitable environments and supports to the talent's growth and creativity functioning.Moreover, the whole society lacks of protective matures of teacher's legitimate rightsand interests, which finally limited the implement and the actual effects of the systemof teacher's appointment. Colleges and universities should break the system ofeducational administration which formed in planning system, and createcorresponding institutional environments to implement the system of teacher'sappointment.