The Research On American Postgraduate Educational Structure

Having been training a large number of senior specialized personnel with great knowledge and strong application skill, the American first-class postgraduate education dramatically helps US to became the apex among all the countries and maintain the global leading status. American postgraduate educational structure adjusts and develops under American characteristic politics, economy and culture. On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the available research results, the research will make a synthetical study of American postgraduate educational structure. The research mainly divides into four parts:Part one introduces the research background, the selected topic basis and the significance, the present research situation, the main research technique, and carries on the limits to the main concepts.Part two looks back on the evolution course of American postgraduate educational structure from five times which are the initial stage, the standardizing stage, swift and violent developing stage, tardy developing stage as well as steadily developing stage respectively.Part three conducts the analysis of the present characteristics of American postgraduate educational structure: its degrees is complete and reasonable;it clearly distinguishes academic degrees and specialized degrees, and the latter surpasses the previous greatly;full-time schooling coexists with the non-full-time schooling, and the proportion of non-full-time schooling increases gradually;American postgraduate educational structure concentrates on developing superior disciplines;the distribution of degree awardingareas is not balanced and mainly in some research universities.Part four inquires into the primary factors that affect American postgraduate educational structure, including the following aspects: economy factor, freely and independently running schools and the market competition mechanisms, the government' s policy intervention and funds support, the plural systems of fund raising, "bloodsucking type" talent strategy, some significant political events such as World I -> World Hand the successful launch of Soviet satellite, the differentiation of Universities, the development of research universities, American population condition, and so on.A Chinese proverb goes well, "Other people' s advice is of great help. " In order to optimize the postgraduate educational structure of our country, US' s experience may give us the following inspirations: setting up plural fund raising idea, reforming postgraduate subsidization policy, increasing degree authorization units to alleviate the recruitment pressure practically, devoting major efforts to develop master education while moderately pushing forward doctor education, expanding specialized degrees and non-full-time postgraduate education, comprehensively promoting the formation and development of high level research universities, implementing the regional advancement policy, and so on.