Study On The Latter Period Of Qing Dynasty's Science Education Thought (1840-1911)

Taken Sino-Japanese War of 1894 as the symbol, Chinese science education thought during the latter period of Qing dynasty from 1840 to 1911 might be divided into two stages from the overall: The preceding stage mainly includes two periods of Opium War and the westernization movement, latter stage including reform movement and end of the Qing "new deal". In these two stages, science education thought has the different characteristic.The preceding stage has several characteristics, for instance, paying excessively attention to technique scientific knowledge study, only paying great attention to in the quantity limited foreign affairs school the science education but to neglect the populace science education the popularization, to the traditional conservative thinking compromise but lacks scientific spiritual revolutionary nature and degree of thoroughness and so on; Also manifests in the practice for this time science education resistance layer on layer, and finally has been proven its defeat by the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. Compared to the science education thought during the preceding stage, the latter stagte has greatly improved. For instance, it advocated the populace scientific quality nitiation and the dissemination in many kinds of form and way, comprehensive absorption west discipline knowledge classification system to study its content, method and spirit, imperial civil service examination system abolished, which hindrants science education and the establishment of modern school system, the pedagogy and the psychology theory and method used in the school science education, student's creativity, and so on. In the practice, it's been compared the preceding stage to be thorougher, abolished the imperial civil service examination system; establishes the modern educational system; the academic society, the newspaper office and so on each kind has set up in abundance in view of populace's science educational institution; each place has established many new style schools; appeared early education scientific style clue, and so on.