From "Ge Zhi" To "science"

Primary school science textbook is an important text for pupils to learn science,and also an essential carrier for the dissemination of scientific knowledge.The quality of its compilation has a great impact on science education.Based on a large number of first-hand science textbooks,this thesis explores and analyses the formation,development and changes of science textbooks of primary schools in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.Through the introduction and analysis of science textbooks in different periods,this study explores the characteristics and influential factors of science textbooks in different periods,and provides enlightenment for the compilation and use of science textbooks nowadays.The article is divided into five chapters,and the research contents of each chapter are as follows:The first chapter is about the Ge Zhi textbooks in primary school in the late Qing Dynasty.It is divided into two sections to discuss the introduction of Western textbooks and the prosperity of modern primary school science textbooks.This paper introduces the Early Translations of Western enlightenment and the textbooks of Western enlightenment.Thepublishing and distribution of science textbooks in modern primary schools flourished unprecedentedly,and formed certain characteristics,which met the needs of various schools at different levels.Textbooks began to change from translation-oriented to compiling and self-compiling.Science textbooks of modern significance began to emerge.The second chapter is about the primary school science textbooks in the Republic of China,which mainly introduced the diversification of primary school science textbooks and the model period of primary school science textbooks in the early Republic of China.During this period,various private publishing institutions rose rapidly and published a large number of science textbooks.The publication,distribution and use of textbooks were more standardized and scientific.Chapter three discusses the "science" textbooks of primary schools during the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation.At this time,the primary school science textbooks under the Kuomintang rule mainly adapted the national textbooks,most of which are revised and republished on the basis of the original science textbooks,with little development and achievements.During this period,primary school science textbooks in the base areas and liberated areasled by the Communist Party paid more attention to social reality,which reflected the needs of rural production and life,and had certain national,class and political characteristics.Chapter four is from "Ge Zhi" to "Science" : the scientific enlightenment of primary school science textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.Through the analysis of the first three chapters,the change is discussed from three perspectives: the change of teaching purpose,the change of teaching content and arrangement and the change of teaching methods.The change is not only its content name,but also its scientific,cultural and educational outlook.Finally,it summarizes the enlightenment to the compilation of science textbooks in primary schools,and discusses how to choose the content of science textbooks,how to arrange science textbooks and how to implement the cultivation of scientific literacy.