| Objective: The experiment contrasted and analyzed the changes of free radicals and antioxidant states of female rowers before and after five-weeks' "HiHiLo" and "LoHi" hypoxic training to discuss the effects of two modes of hypoxic training on antioxidant states of female rowers so as to provide reference on choosing the appropriate mode of hypoxic training; to produce great significance on arranging rationally and adjusting exercise burthen in time during hypoxic training as well as preventing fatigue in exercise; to provide theoretical basis for applying these two modes of hypoxic training in sports training; to choose sensitive indexes which reflect and evaluate the changes of antioxidant states in hypoxic training in order to be monitoring indexes to see the changes of the antioxidant states during hypoxic training.Methods: Twelve elite female rowers were randomly divided into living at high altitude, exercising at high and training at low altitude (HiHiLo) group, and living at low altitude and training at high altitude (LoHi) group for five weeks. The simulated altitude was 2500m and the oxygen content was 15.4% in hypoxic training room and sleeping room. All rowers performed three times hypoxic training per week, 1.5～2h each section. HiHiLo group slept at hypoxic condition from 20:00 to 6:30 per day (except Saturday).LoHi group slept at sea level. The blood sample of rowers in two groups was taken in the morning of the day before hypoxic training and at first weekend, fourth weekend and fifth weekend during the hypoxic training, and two weeks after the training. The blood plasma was separated by the centrifuge to test the antioxidant indexes including MDA, CuZn-SOD, GSH-PX, GSH, GSSG and indexes of plasma enzymes including CK, LDH.Results:(1) From first to fourth week of hypoxic training, MDA content in "LoHi" group was increasing and reached the highest at the fourth weekend and significantly higher than that in "HiHiLo" group. MDA content in "HiHiLo" group increased a little and decreased at the first weekend. MDA content in two groups at two weeks after the training was significantly higher than that before hypoxic training.(2) The changes of CuZn-SOD activities in two groups were basically same (no significant difference) representing a little increase at the first week and then constant decrease.(3) In "LoHi" group, GSH-PX activities significantly decreased at the first weekend, reached the lowest at the fourth weekend (significantly lower than before the training and significantly lower than that in 'HiHiLo" group) and then significantly increased at the fifth week. In HiHiLo" group, GSH-PX activities decreased a little at first and increased from the second week to the end of the training. GSH-PX activities at the end of the training were significantly higher than that before the training.(4) The changes of GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG in "HiHiLo" and "LoHi" groups were not totally same, but there was no significant difference between two groups. In "HiHiLo" group, GSH content decreased a little at first and then significantly increased , reached the highest at the fourth weekend (significantly higher than that before the training) and significantly decreased at the fifth week. In "LoHi" group, GSH content increased firstly and then decreased (no significant difference during the whole training).GSSG content in "HiHiLo" group decreased and increased a little, and then significantly decreased at fourth weekend until the end of the training. In "LoHi" group, GSSG content increased constantly and reached the highest at the end of the training (significantly higher than that before the training). GSH/GSSG in "HiHiLo" group decreased firstly and then increased; In "LoHi" group, it increased firstly and then decreased, but there was no significant difference during the whole training.(5) The changes of CK activities in "HiHiLo" and "LoHi" groups were not totally same, but there was no significant difference between two groups. In "HiHiLo" group, CK activities decreased from the beginning to the end of the training. At the end of the training, CK activities were significantly lower than that before the training. In "LoHi" group, CK activities increased significantly at first. At the first weekend, it was significantly higher than that before the training. Then, CK activities decreased from second week to the end of the training. At the end of the training, it was significantly lower than that at the first weekend and the fourth weekend.(6) Not only between two groups but also in each group, there was no significant difference in the effects of "HiHiLo" and "LoHi" on the changes of LDH activities. In "HiHiLo" group, LDH activities decreased a little at first and then increased; In "LoHi" group, it increased a little at first and then decreased. It increased at the last week.Conclutions:(1) The effects of hypoxic stimulation with different mode of hypoxic training on the antioxidant states of elite female rowers were different. During the whole training, the changes of the antioxidant states of "HiHiLo" group were better than those of "LoHi" group. Compared with "LoHi", "HiHiLo" could promote the positive changes of the antioxidant states much more. Considering from the antioxidant states, the effect of training in HiHiLo group of elite rowers will be better than that in LoHi group during hypoxic training. (2) In this study, the changes of two indexes of the antioxidant states including MDA and GSH-PX were comparatively outstanding indicating that these two sensitive indexes could be recommended to be monitoring indexes to see the changes of the antioxidant states during hypoxic training.(3) The changes of enzymes activities (CK and LDH) in athletes' plasma might relate with the changes of the indexes of the antioxidant states. It might be meaningful to see the situation of fatigue in exercise and provide theoretical basis for adjusting exercise burthen in monitoring the changes of these two aspects together during hypoxic training.
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