The Institutional Arrangement And The Development Of Non-governmental Organizations

Since 1980s, non-governmental organizations had an enormous development in the world, from North America, Europe and Asia's developed country to Africa, Latin America and in the former Soviet Union group's developing country, non-governmental organizations all present an astonishing growth tendency , their influence is becoming more and more big. Non-governmental organizations exist because of the existence of market failure and government failure, their existence makes up the shortage of the government section and the market section, so that when government failure and market failure become more obvious and more serious, non-governmental organizations in the community will be needed more consumingly and more urgently.In China, modern non-governmental organizations appeared after the Reform and Opening. Profiting from Salamon' definition and according to the situation of China, I think the definition of China non-governmental organization is: volunteers to seek public welfare, outside the government system and non-profit autonomous organizations. The economic reform began in 1978 break the existing state-society integrated structure, caused the politicalized, administrative, integrated society to become opening, market-oriented and multiplex. Thus enabled huge energy and diverse demand contained in society be released, and brought new survival and development space for our country's non-governmental organizations. After 20 years of development, China non-governmental organizations have made great achievements and played an important role in social life. According to the civil administration statistical figure which is provided by the finance department civil administration enterprise statistics information management system , up to the end of 2005, the quantity of China non-governmental organizations is 315,000, among them 168,000 social groups, 146,000 non-enterprise units run by citizens, 999 foundations. But the quantity of non-governmental organizations which have not registered or registered in other departments is estimated about 1000,000. Currently the existing problems of China non-governmental organization mainly are the legal status not clear, lack of independence, ability insufficiency, budget shortage, lack of talented person and so on.There are many factors which influence the development of non-governmental organizations, such as cultural traditions, economy development level, government's attitude, management technology, theory knowledge, social demand and so on. But institution is the key factor that influences the development of non-governmental organizations. Institution arrangement decides the survival space, development path and prospect of non-governmental organizations. The effective institution arrangement can promote the development of non-governmental organizations: First, effective institution arrangement can create a good exterior institution environment for the development of non-governmental organizations. Second, effective institution arrangement may change people's concept of value and living habits. Third, effective institution arrangement is advantageous to optimize resources, it may cause capital, manpower resource and social capital be used effectively and flowed reasonably. Fourth, the effective institution arrangement is advantageous to establish encouragement mechanism to mobilize the enthusiasm of individual and collective.This article selects China Youth Development Foundation as a case study, and focuses on analysing its preparing process, organization system establishment and resources mobilization.In the post integrated society in which political and administrative factors still have great influence on whole social life, to accumulate big scale social resources in the society is quite difficult without organization factor in government system and political advantages which still play an great important role. Therefore as a charitable non-governmental organization, China Youth Development Foundation must have the ability to simultaneously mobilize traditional and modern resources. In order to simultaneously mobilize traditional and modern resources, China Youth Development Foundation must have legal foundations of both government and market at the same time. Chinese government implements strict management to non-governmental organizations, even does not trust them. In this situation, China Youth Development Foundation which was established from top to down may successfully register and establish its legal foundations of both government and market. Just because of having legal foundations of both government and market, China Youth Development foundation had obtained its great success.As the non-governmental organizations established from top to down are usually the product of the reform of government organs, with the completion of the reform of government organs, the quantity of this kind of non-governmental organizations will be less and less. Therefore I believe, under this current institution arrangement, particularly influenced by register and management institution and resources distribution institution, government and citizen jointly management should be China non-governmental organization's most ideal development path.