The Enlightenment Of Han Fei's Managing Thought To The Management Of Modern High School

Most works on school management in a historical view are applying the Confucian thought of"policy of benevolence". However, too much benevolence have brought forth chaos in the management of high school today. By contrast, the managing thought of Han Fei, a legist in previous Qin dynasty, had great impact during the Warring States Period."Law, tactics and tendency", the three powers advocated by Han Fei in great esteem present a positive reference value to the efficiency of high school management.By bibliographical method I carefully decode the connotation of Han Fei's managing thoughts and expand my view on educational management theory; by scientific observance I obtain naturalness and objectivity of material; through questionnaire and random interview I notice the span of"surface"and the depth of"point", aiming to conform the material to the real situation in management of modern high school. Through successive effort, I come to a conclusion that the method of applying law, using tactics and taking advantage of tendency should be applied in the management of modern high schools.Different from the pupils of primary schools, students in high schools inclines to be mature psychologically and physically. Hence, compared with the pupils, they should be educated to form better behavior criteria and daily habit through more integrated instructions on the views towards world, value and life, on the social morality and on law and discipline. In such case, the methods applied when teachers managing students, and when school leaders managing teachers should not be the same with the ones applied in primary schools. Besides the"policy of benevolence", more management methods should be adopted. The thought of"Law, tactics and tendency"advocated by Han Fei is among the best choices in management methods."Law, tactics and tendency"are the three powers that Han Fei held in esteem. According to Han Fei,"law"is the policies and codes of a nation, which includes the implementation and legislation of policies and codes."Law"supplies an objective yardstick for the emperors to manage bureaucracy, by which flaws due to the subjectiveness of human can be avoided. Besides the emphasis on"law", meanwhile, he also noticed the significance of"tactics", which would coordinate the implement of"law". The tactics referred by Han Fei cover various aspects of content such as the appointment and removing of human resource, supervising and inspecting, which actually are the practical implementation of law."Tendency"refers to the power and influence of the emperor in the minds of his officials. It is the power resorted by the sovereignty to control his officials, which can be divided as"tendency of the nature"and"tendency of man". Han Fei combined"Law, tactics and tendency"together into one theory and advocated that unanimous code should be issued, in the process of social management;"Tactics"should be employed to rein the officials;"tendency"is a means to enforce the authority of leadership. Namely, a leader should be good at applying law, using tactics and taking advantage of tendency. Only in this way a respectable and lofty government and a peaceful society would be achieved.Han Fei believed that"law"is the best management resort and respected it as the management of the highest level, which can not be implemented without law. Presently, some teachers and students tend to over-advocate individualism and go too far in behavior, which lead to their indifference to social responsibility. In such cases, we should manage school according to law. We can standardize the behavior of teachers and students, train people to be public-spirited, combine the unique character of individuals of the teachers and students with social standard, cultivate fine behavior criterion and daily habit, and gain harmonious development in the way we deal with things according to law, by carrying out law equally to everyone, make reward and punishment at the same standard."The responsibility of a leader can be sum up as brain-storming and employing talents."Therefore, one of the most significant tasks of school leaders is to employ suitable talents. To optimize the management, we must promote its validity, which requires school readers to master certain management methods, that is"tactics"claimed by Han Fei. There is no need for the leaders doing every best to achieve perfection, but if only we place power within sages'hands; we are strict and fair in meeting out rewards and punishments, we don't hear and believe slanders; we appoint people on their merits along with practice of law, so that we will be sure to enable an efficient management.Tendency also accounts greatly in Han Fei's opinion. He regarded"tendency"as the precondition of"law"and"tactics", also as the core of the whole thought, which guarantees the implementation of nomocracy. In the management of school, the school leaders would apply certain authority to deal with the issues. Thus, they should make use of"natural tendency"in a reasonable way, and cultivate talents with"artificial tendency". At the same time, they need to make every effort to"create tendency", increase the effect of"artificial tendency", and take the advantage of"tendency"to reach the goal of managing and educating people, thereby constructing a harmonious, peaceful and civilized campus. "Applying law"would guarantee a campus of legalization and standardization;"using tactics"enables each department of school takes charge of its duty and reduce administrative cost;"taking advantage of tendency"enables us to make the most of the management factors to reach optimization of the management. Therefore, while managing high schools, we should abandon the outdated essence of despotism, and adopt practical content of"managing state affairs"and"managing civilian", so as to achieve an efficient management by applying law, using tactics and taking advantage of tendency...