Morality, Rationality And Habit In "Gong-fen System" Of Lang-de Village

Peasant study under anthropology view should not only focus on academic issues about courses and shapes of lineage or family but also focus on the future issue about the engagement between the peasant society system and the globalization process, which I have paid more attention to in my field work in Lang-de, a miao village lied on east-south Gui-Zhou province since 2004 (2004,2005,2006,2007). In my opinion, academic issues is important, but the future issue is more interesting for me because such study, especially about economic-life and social-system of indigenous community in Gui-Zhou, is not enough.Many anthropologist believed that, peasant economy has different system from economy model which take price, profit and relationship between supply and demand as major targets. Chayanov point out that, peasant economy obey it's own logic and principle. Then, the famous"Scott- Popkin"thesis launches intense argument about morality or rational controls the peasant economy behavior.According the case that miao people in Lang-de village established"gong-fen system"to manage rural-tourism, My article try to show why and how the"gong-fen system"which had been gotten rid of by Chinese government, can relive in Lang-de. Further more, according understanding the process of establish, influence of the"gong-fen system", I want to discuss such topics: what logic style controls the economic- behavior of peasants in this community? And what kind of social-system and culture-background support it? if and how this logic-style adapt to or counteract against the rapid social-vicissitude? How such changing confluent the daily-life and behavior-mode of peasants as individual or colony.In fact, I saw not only the live- principle which support mutually beneficial, just and"safety first"which emphasized by"the moral-economy", but also power, conflict, competition and impulse of pursuing the maximization of individual-benefit what summarized by"the rational peasant". Mean while, conflict ion inter-dynamic between the two logic-style is showing out very complicated levels and delicate expression under the background that rapid vicissitude happen in the whole of Chinese countryside.I try to point out that, the inner logic of peasant economic-behavior is a reflex dynamic process. It is possible that morality, rationality and habit reflect in same colony at the same time. What kind of logic-style will be power than others, is related with the particular situation of people or community which include natural environment, history memory, policy and market, globalization process, etc. Variety factors and power become the"invisible hand"so that the more constructive work is studding the general relationship between the change orbit of peasant economic-logic and the tendency of social- vicissitude.In the last 20 years, Chinese rural is going to contemporary market economy system from traditional agriculture-society, many policies and program can be successful or not depend on if we understand the economic-logic of peasant well and know it's stage exactly. Such study is the important basic work to solve the"peasant, rural and agriculture"issue . Chinese countryside is wide, and configuration of peasant economy is various, my fieldwork and study according the case of miao community Lang-de is just like a little stone in a huge building.