The Study Of Education Management System In The Tang Dynasty

Tang Dynasty is called as the golden period of the feudal society in China's history, during which socio-economic, science and technology, politics and culture all had made significant progress. And the feudal political system had nearly been completed. The development of Education Management System under the guidance of the central government of Tang Dynasty had reached the pinnacle of the feudal society. A lot of philosophy and practice of educational management have positive references for the activities of modern education management.The formation of the Education Management System in the Tang Dynasty went through four stages, the initial stage in the period of Emperor Gaozu of Tang; the improvement stage in the period of Emperor Taizong of Tang; the fluctuations and adjustment stage in the period among Kao-tsung and Chung-tsung of Tang, and in the period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang the Education Management System became maturity and perfect at last. The contents of the Education Management System is numerous and trivial, which in my research is divided into six parts in the view of government administration. These six parts are the aim of the education management, the institution of the education management, the national education system, the management system of educational administrators, the management system of education budget, related policies on education management. The Ministry of Rites and its subsidiary the Imperial College, and some functional departments which manage vocational education constitute the educational administration institutions of the nation. By using some relevant policies of education management comprehensively, such as the clear national policies on education, examination policies relying on the imperial examination system and some liberal and flexible policies on private school education, they planned and controlled the national education system. Finally, they achieved the common development of official school education and private school education, and prompted the country's distribution of education tends to be more rational. By making clear the managers'rights and liabilities and executing in strict rotation of examine and rewards and punishments, they reinforced the management of the officials of education management. By strengthening the investment management of official school education and planning the expenditure of education funds rationally, they reinforced the management of education funds of official school education. All these practices of the central government of Tang Dynasty promoted the perfect of the Education Management System and the prosperity of the education system. The ultimate goal that make the education serve the political rule finally achieved.For the Education Management System of Tang Dynasty, we must adopt a dialectical perspective and make an objective evaluation. In the Education Management System of Tang Dynasty, the national policies on education were stable and open; the administration institutions on education were becoming perfect; the moral education had a great development; the national education system was increasingly integrated and the methods on education management had diversified. All of these have positive significance to government administration and the development of education. At the same time, we should also recognize the disadvantages existed in the Education Management System of Tang Dynasty. In this system the relationship between Imperial Examination System and education was perverted; the continuity on education management policies was weak; the education management demonstrated the bright rank character and the support for basic education was not enough. All of these disadvantages became obstacles that restrict the development of national education.Nowadays, there are still some issues in the education management process of our country, such as the government's role is not clear, the investment model to different levels of education is unreasonable, the government's emphasis on the development of vocational education is not enough, the education management among different department is inconsistent and so on. All of these issues have adverse effects on the rational planning and long-term development of the education system. So we can learn from the successful practice on education management of Tang Dynasty. Through many kinds of methods, such as clarify the concept of the government's education management, optimize the investment models to different levels of education, attach importance to the management of vocational education, coordinate the relationship between central and local governments, guide social organizations to participate in the supply of education resources through the market mechanism and so on, we can optimize today's education management and program the development of national education rationally. The development of education will undoubtedly drive the progress of economic and society, and the ultimate goal of education management that make education serve the social development and political rule will finally achieve.