Experimental Study Of The Influence Of Goal Difficulty Levels On The Self-efficacy, The Achievement Motivation, And The Result Of Shooting After Swerving Around Sticks In Connection With Male Undergraduates Majoring In Physical Culture

With a view to investigating the influence of goal difficulty levels on the self-efficacy, the achievement motivation, and the result of shooting after swerving around sticks in connection with male undergraduates majoring in physical culture, as well as on the mental mechanism of learning the skill of shooting after swerving around sticks, the study proposes the mental mechanism theory hypothesis of the effect of goal difficulty levels on the result of shooting after swerving around sticks, on the basis of analyzing the findings home and abroad of the interrelationship between goal-setting, self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and sports achievements, together with the methods of literary review, questionnaire, psychometrics, experiment, and mathematical statistics.The subject of the study is the male undergraduate class of 2008 with general football courses from Studies of Physical Culture, Yangzhou University. It will be divided into three groups according to the levels of difficulty, namely, the easy goal one, the challenging goal one, and the difficult goal one. The experiment cycle will be twelve weeks with two periods each week and ninety minutes each period. The instructing contents are the same among different groups and conducted by the same instructor, at the same time, and in the same ground. The test of shooting after swerving around sticks will be taken separately before the experiment, after the sixth week of it, and after the twelfth week of it, measured by self-efficacy scale and achievement motivation scale. Experiment data treatment: to conduct a homogeneity test based on pre-experiment data through dispersion analysis; to conduct an inner and inter subject effectiveness test with repeated measurements based on the early, mid and late experiment data, so as to investigate the influence of goal difficulty levels on self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and the result of shooting after swerving around sticks; to conduct a correlation analysis and a regression analysis based on the early, mid and late experiment data to verify the hypothesis of the study.Through the analysis of the above-mentioned measuring results, the study will draw the following conclusions. First, during the football instruction for male undergraduates majoring in physical culture, there exist distinct diversities among the effects of instructional goal settings of different difficulty levels on the result of shooting after swerving around sticks and self-efficacy, while there are not the ones on achievement motivation. That is, the result of shooting after swerving around sticks and self-efficacy from the challenging goal group are the highest, which are higher than those from the difficult goal group and distinctively higher than those from the easy goal group. Second, self-efficacy can positively promote the result of shooting after swerving around sticks, namely, the latter grows in direct proportion to the former, while there is no distinct correlation between achievement motivation and the result of shooting after swerving around sticks. Third, there exist a distinct linear correlation between self-efficacy and the result of shooting after swerving around sticks, and the former is the main expectation factor of the latter. Self-efficacy plays a partially intermediary role in the effect of goal difficulty levels on the result of shooting after swerving around sticks, while there is no distinct linear correlation between achievement motivation and the result of shooting after swerving around sticks.