From Effectiveness To Responsibility

Teaching Reflection is an important part of Teacher Education and Teacher Professional Development, and it is also indispensable to teaching practice. The dissertation deals with teaching reflection orientations, analyzing the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. An effort is made to explain a new teaching reflection orientation to make up for the disadvantages.On the basis of a clear knowledge of reflection and teaching reflection, literature of teaching reflection is further studied, especially the contents and orientations. It is found that study of teaching reflection is multidimensional, even covering the aspect of ethic. At the same time, there are some unclearness and ignorance on this very aspect.The dissertation makes a study of the views on "Same Text but Different Teaching Styles"---A Teaching Communication between several provinces and cities, and the comments from the experts as well as the reflection of the teachers themselves form 15 High Quality Lessons by primary and middle schools in Shanghai. It is found that there are three kinds of teaching reflection in China at present; the technical orientation, the objective orientation, and the students'development orientation. The technical orientation overwhelms in primary and middle schools, which focuses on the methods and means to meet the designed objectives, emphasizing effect and effectiveness. But this orientation has little to do with the objective itself, trying to apply teaching methods without teaching objective, even ignoring the importance of technique on students.In face of this situation, an effective teaching orientation becomes a must. The technical orientation attaches importance to the realization of the designed objectives; contents selection, class organization, teaching process, teaching evaluation, and the practical result are all for the objective. But there are also disadvantages, as it pays little attention to the true felling and experience of the students, even avoiding the reaction of the students who has nothing to do with the designed objective and other real problems. There exists a danger that in order to realize the objective, we do it by any kind of means. The students' development orientation emphasizes the cognition and psychology of the students, but lacking sensitivity of ethnic problems in teaching.The author hold the opinion that reflection in Chinese primary and middle schools either ignores the importance of technique or confines itself to effectiveness, with a lack of ethical aspect. Teaching involves ethic, with the premise that students' dignity and interest must be observed, aiming at develop students fully. Ethical orientation pursues the combination of objectives and methods, emphasizing effectiveness as well as the ultimate responsibility. It is suggested that measures should be taken to alter the single teaching evaluation in schools, and the students should be viewed as Main Body. Study, training, and communication of teachers can be reinforced. In this way, teachers will develop the sensitivity of ethical issues and pay more attention to them, viewing teaching as a course of morality, thus, altering teaching reflection from pursuing effectiveness to responsibility.