A Study On The Popular Words Of Agriculture In

Shoushi Tongkao is a great compiling agricultural book which completed at Qing dynasty in the history of ancient China. The literature material of this book is very plentiful. There are a lot of agricultural colloquialisms and sayings. The paper analyses the literature material of this book, we can ascertain our researching direction and objects. It is necessary to acquire a macroscopic view about the agricultural colloquialisms and proverbs in whole book at first, then studying some representative examples particularly. To link work at selected spots with that in entire areas is important in the study. The article includes three chapters:Chapter 1 introduces Shoushi Tongkao and Collation and Annotation of Shoushi Tongkao. The most remarkable characteristics of the literature material of Shoushi Tongkao is compiling, and there are no view expressions of editors basically in the whole book. However, a few of word changes reflect some lexicological phenomenon. Though Shoushi Tongkao is not an ideal study object of Chinese lexical history to probe the feature of language and vocabulary of Qing dynasty, a large number of agricultural colloquialisms and agricultural sayings in this book are worth to study very much. Shoushi Tongkao Collation and Annotation is the most important study result about Shoushi Tongkao so far, but there are still some shortcomings need to perfect.Chapter 2 classifies and studies agricultural colloquialisms. According to the naming process and outcome, the agricultural colloquialisms can be divided into two types, namely the renamed one and the direct-named one. The renamed agricultural colloquialisms are the words that common folks rename the agricultural things according to their different features. An agricultural object has two or more names, and those names equivalent to differently named words in agricultural field approximately. The direct-named agricultural colloquialism is the word that common folks give a name directly according to a certain feature of the agricultural thing or phenomenon, and there is no other name in each dynasties. The quantity of renamed agricultural colloquialisms has the upper hand. Relatively speaking, the naming meanings of renamed agricultural colloquialisms are concrete and plentiful, it involves color, shape, taste, nature and state, function, habitat and so on. The naming meanings of the direct-named one are more abstract and simplex. Studying the reasons that generating agricultural colloquialisms from both the linguistic factors and extralinguistic elements. The linguistic factors are more complex, of which lexicological factors, grammatical factors and rhetoric factors are very important. The extralinguistic elements mainly include viewing angles, space-time differences, social and historical culture. There are crossed parts between linguistic factors and extralinguistic elements. They are not entirely separate.Chapter 3 divides agricultural sayings into four types according to their meaning content integrally. It includes weather sayings, agricultural producing sayings, water conservancy sayings and others. The weather sayings are the majority, and it can be divided into three classes, namely pure weather sayings, phenology and weather sayings, forming and weather sayings. The agricultural producing sayings take second place. They distribute in farming chapters, agricultural products chapters, sericulture chapters mainly. Then, giving some detailed examples for each type. To handle some agricultural sayings on a case-by-case basis. The primary knotty points are dialect words, abstract and complicated words with simple literal meaning, borrowed words, variant characters. Then, elucidating the meaning of the whole sentence. The existence of knotty points indicates that the "common" of agricultural sayings does not completely mean that their meanings are clear and easy to understand. Analyzing some variant readings and revealing some lexicological phenomenon from them, such as the replacement of elegant words and popular words, the change of general service words, the exchange of synonyms or congeneric words and so on. Agricultural sayings have stability in both content and form, but variant readings show the flexibility of agricultural sayings to some extent. However, these word replacements can not reflect the universal rule of lexical development and changes folly.