A Study Of Fu Shou - Tong 's "Ancient Sound Class"

Before Duan Yu-cai, scholars in the study of ancient emphasis on combing of rhyme into the rhyme word, so as to arrange ancient categories. Based on the research of Zheng Xiang, Gu Yan-wu, Jiang Yong and so on, Fu Shou-tong divided the ancient words into fifteen parts.His study of the ancient words has the following facts are worthy of recognition:First,It is not only accept symphony Chinese character component, but also symphony words, and do a brief explanation. Second, it is to breed the symphony of words explanation, and put the symphony of words together which is closely related to each other, and receive tong wen,zeng wen and yi wen. Three, the book divided the ancient words into 15 parts, plus 3 parts of fu wen, it is reasonablly to match the situation.In terms of the classical phonology,based on the position of tongue、the ship of lips、the opening of lips and the ending of rhymes,Fu divided the 206 rhymes of Guang Yun into 15 parts in forms of the matches of the "Wu Sheng(Gong、Shang、Jue、Zhi、Yu)"and"San Tong(Tian、 Di、Ren)". In addition to the three part of ancient phonology,Fu divided the ancient rhymes into 18 parts.In terms of arranging rhymes,followed Duan’s,Fu arranged the order with the affinities between rhymes,and he also explicated a few couples of rhymes which had a close relationsip.In terms of the distribution between level and entering,Fu clarified eight rhymes which matches with each other.Though Fu didn’t inherited the previous pattens of distribution of Yin、 Yang and Ru, but his method has been reflected that he actually had the ancient phonology and the thought of the distribution of Yin、Yang and Ru.In addition,when Duan distribute the ancient rhymes, he made full use of the harmonic system,not only on the style of his arrangement, but also in his "the fifteen ministry said this symphony," he agreed with Duan’s method,in order to distribute the ancient rhymes,Duan put the harmonic materials into the study of ancient phonology portion,and he made it to confirm with the result of the distribution which was based on the ending of the charaters.This kind of method took the harmonic characters as the clues, one of the biggest advantages is that a large number of missing rhyme words in ancient books also can be classified, which made a good reference for later generations to study the classification of harmonic characters. And Duan collected the closer characters together,also he made the necessary explanation on the relationship between breedings,where Duan’s subtleties were lied in. This played a very good role of nexus for us to understand the situation and study the history of the rhyme Department.But at the same time,Fu took the point of "the character having the same components must belong to the same part"as extremely absolute,therefore he didn’t entirely agree with Fu’s, and he put forward his own views: the reason why some harmonic characters with the radical character in times of which named "Book of Songs "、"Ya" didn’t belong to the same rhyme,there is another reason:the existence of the characters of Zhuan zhu and Jia jie.