Preparations Of The Congressional Affairs Bureau At The Beginning Of The Republic Of China

As the promulgation of "Republic of China Organic Law of Congress,""Senate member of the Electoral Law,""House of Representatives election law," the introduction of the First Republic parliamentary elections was officially convened on August10,1912, the foundation of preparatory body congressional elections was also marked the implementation of the "preparatory Congressional Affairs Bureaucracy", issued by the President of the republic on the same day.. In the subsequent eight months, the first session of the parliamentary elections was successfully completed with extraordinary effort by preparations Congressional Affairs. On April8,1913, the Republic of China held the first session of Parliament as scheduled. How did the preparations for Parliament Affairs accomplish the organization’s congressional elections in over six months? To answer it, the staff composition of Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau, the mode of its operation and how did it coordinate the work with other state organs, as well as its important impact on democratic and legal system’s processes in China need to be taken into consideration and study. This article will take a comprehensive analysis of these issues of the preparation for Congressional Affairs, and strive to reveal a real preparation for Congressional AffairsThis paper will conduct a comprehensive study and analysis to Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau through five chapters.The first chapter mainly addresses the lessons draw from the practice of the late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic election congressional elections. By analyzing the groundbreaking and shortcomings in the electoral process of the late Qing Conference Board’s election, this chapter explores the relationship between the First Congress of the Republic Conference Board of Elections and the late Qing Dynasty between elections, which leads to the focus and acting point of the Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau’s preparatory work in organizing the parliamentary election process.The second chapter is about to research the establishment and development of Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau. This chapter will display the preliminary understanding and awareness of Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau through the analysis of process of how the Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau settled and the analysis of the structure of its key staff. Then, this chapter will analyze the process of the bureau’s development to further understand how the bureau improved congressional elections step by step.The third chapter is the core part of the paper, which research the mode of Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau’s operation. The first part of this chapter analyzes the main forms of Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau’s work, including received and sent telegrams, issued a decree and informed ministries. The second part analyzes the content of the work of the Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau which includes explaining electoral rights, supervision of the electoral process, dealing with electoral litigation, handling various fees, preparing the opening of Parliament. By analyzing these two parts above, you can understand the whole picture and workflow of Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau better and their important role in the congressional elections in the first session.The fourth chapter focuses on the relationship between the Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau with other departments. It analyses how the Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau and the total capital and outside Patrol Office, Ministry of Transportation, Ministry of Justice, Law court, the Attorney General Office, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Commerce and Industry coordinate with each other to complete the o parliamentary elections together during the election. This section reflects the image of the Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau’s ability of organization and coordination in the parliamentary election process.The main analysis of the fifth chapter is historical merit and status of Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau. This chapter talks about the historical status and influence of Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau mainly through the successful organization of the first session of the parliamentary election, the work to improve public participation and the meaning of reference for the following elections.In summary, the above five chapters hope to reveal the whole picture of Preparatory Parliament Affairs Bureau as much as possible and fully affirm its historical status.