| This paper analyzed the water resources of Shandong Province since the founding of PRC quantitatively and qualitatively, the results were important for the sustainable utilization of water resources in Shandong. They could provide some useful suggestions for the future planning of water resources. The main results were as follows:1.The general conditions and characteristics of the water resources in Shandong ProvinceBased on the analyses of the water resources in Shandong Province since the foundation of PRC, the main characteristics of the water resources in Shandong were put forward from the points of view of the rainfall resources, surface resources, ground resources and Huanghe-the biggest guest water resource in Shandong. The main characteristics were as follows: the total amount of water resource was deficient, the amount per citizen is too small: the amount per area is not rich: the changes of water resource among years were serious: the distributions in every areas were not uniform and so on. 2.The exploitation and problems of water resources in Shandong ProvinceThe water conservancy played an important part in the exploitation of Shandong. Its main characteristics were as follows: the amount of water supplied by motor-pumped well was the biggest, the second was the inducing-water conservancy: among the inducing-water conservancy, the large reservoirs played an critical part, and then were the medium reservoirs: Huanghe was the biggest guest water resource, so far, the Huanghe diversion project had become larger and larger in Shandong: in the future, the potential of the sewage and sea-water utilization was large.Based on the analyses of the amount of water supply and using in the past years, the general exploitation conditions and problems were put forward: the amount of water for agriculture was between seventy and eighty percentage in the total amount, a structure with agricultural characteristic had shaped. With the development of the economic, the amount of water using was increasinggradually, therefore, conflicts between water supply and using became more serious. In fact, on the one hand, the water resource was deficient in Shandong, on the other hand, the water pollution and waste were quite serious, therefore, the water using efficiency was low, especially the agriculture water using efficiency was so low that the index of irrigation water was only about 0.5 and the index of industry was about 50%, while the index was between 75-85%.Presently, the problems such as water resource was deficient, the water quality was bad and so on existed in almost all the cities in Shandong Province, especially in the eastern cities. The deficiency of water resource had become the "bottleneck" for the development of Shandong. 3 The development and exploitation of agriculture in ShandongThe total amount of water resources in Shandong was 1.1% out of the whole China, but the field irrigated by this amount of water was 7.4% out of the whole country, the food supplies was 8.4% of the whole country, and 9% of the Chinese GDP was produced. Therefore, the limited water resources were quite important for Shandong. Since the foundation of PRC, the agriculture developed fast in Shandong.But based on the analysis, we found that all the developments were achieved by using too much water. The water used to irrigate was 80% of the agriculture water using. Since the foundation of PRC, the irrigation areas increased greatly, so the amount of water for agriculture using increased greatly at the same time.With the development of the society, a planting structure with using large amount of water had formed. We could see in the analysis that the areas of crops where need a little water during growth had decreased greatly, while the areas of crops need much water increased greatly. With the adjustments of the planting structure, the ratio between cereal crops and industrial crops had declined. With the increasing of the irrigation water, the total yield and average yield had increased.But at the same time, the problem that the index of water using was lowwas universal in Shandong. For example, the quotiety of irrigation water was 0.3~0.4,while in the developed countries such as America, advanced techniques brought into effect to reduce the waste during water transportation, the quotiety was 0.8-0.95.4.The forecast of water supply and using in Shandong and the feasible countermeasures for the water sustainable utilizationBased on the statistical analysis of the water resource, the forecast of water supply and using were put forward. The forecast indicated that the conflicts between water supply and using would become more serious in the future: the amount of water supply would decrease gradually: the amount of water using would increase with the development of agriculture and industry.If we want to keep the water resources sustainable, we should take some feasible measures as follows:First, strengthen the managements of water resource, do know the general conditions of water resource and then establish reasonable water pricing. Second, take water resource de\elopment measures to increase the amount of water supply, for example, the project for increase the amount of rainfall by manual work, the project of using sea-water directly and indirectly, the project of using guest water resource adequately, the project of reinforcing the water conservancy, the project of using sewage water repeat and so on. Third, take feasible measures for throttle, for example, establish a water-saving society, including water-saving agriculture, water-saving industry, water-saving towns. And according to the different conditions of different departments, supply water of different quality. Fourth, take effective measures to protect water resources avoiding being polluted. |
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