A Study To The Mobility And Employment Of The Labor Force In The Countryside In China

At present, the difficulty of the problems of sannong wenti, the countryside and the farmer in China lies in the problem of the farmer, and which in fact is the problem of the employment of the farmer. In order to change the farmer into the citizen and increase their income, the mobility and employment of the labor force in the countryside is just the first and crucial step to realize this goal. Deng Xiaoping once said, "Whether the economy in China can develop, it should first see that whether the countryside can develop and the living standard of the farmer can improve." "If the farmer does not get rid of poverty, it no doubt shows that the whole country does not get rid of poverty." So the mobility and employment of the labor force in the countryside is an important act to transfer the surplus rural labor force. It is not only the problem of the economy, but the politics and the society, which is of vital importance to the relations between the work and the farmer, town and country, the progress of the rural society and what's more the realization of building the well—off society in China.In this paper, the mobility and employment of the labor force in the countryside means the surplus rural labor force is in a certain condition of circulation between agriculture and non-agriculture, town and country, and regions within the countryside itself. Because of the special national situation, it can not follow the general rule of the transference of the labor force that combines moving with dwelling. Based on the data of the Fifth Population Census in 2000, the proportionof workers in the secondary and the tertiary industry from the rural surplus labor force is 46.5%, and among them the number in the building industry is 80%. Influenced by the seasons, the economic cycle, even the policy cycle, most of them are in a unstable condition of employment just like the pendulum of a clock, some time have jobs in urban areas and some time come back to the countryside.The mobility and employment of the labor force in the countryside is a special phenomenon in China during transition in the 21 century. The employment structure of the rural labor force lagging behind the industrial structure and the sluggish growth of urbanization are its structural cause; the unfairness of the census register and employment are its systematic cause; the traditional family concept of rural labor force is its social cause. So to study this problem, we must have an over—all view and consider all kinds of reasons as possible under our real national situation.The main points of this paper are: (1) broadening our new vision of employment for rural labor force guided by the idea of scientific development; (2) getting rid of the traditional idea of "agriculture is agriculture" and building an united labor market for all; (3) the different systems of census register between the city and the countryside is the systematic cause for this phenomenon, which also is the main line of the paper, so rejecting the social and economic differences associated with it and changing the management of census register from status to society; (4) industries are the presupposition for the mobility and employment of the labor force in the countryside, so a rational system of division of labor must be built up. In urban areas, labor—intensive industry should be expanded and in rural areas, agriculture integration should be developed; (5) combining regular employment with irregular employment in the countryside which is the main form for rural labor force at present; (6) the key for human resources changing into human capital is to develop a pluralistic vocational education model for the farmer, helping them to learn some knowledge and skills; (7) exploring various channels for rural labor force; (8) policy of employment for rural labor force having been change from restriction to encouragement, discrimination to fairness, partiality for the urban to balance town and country.The solution of the problem of the rural labor force needs a new system which mainly includes new ideas for our structure, industry, urbanization, employment and education—model. ?New idea for the structure lies in the reformation our binary social phenomenon, getting rid of the different systems of the census register so as to build an untied one. ?New idea for the industry lies in constructing a structure of production incompatible with the structure of employment, which needs to develop service sector and some medium or small enterprises. ?New idea for the urbanization lies in advancing a pluralistic development strategy for the city, developing big, medium and small city in a balanced way. (4)New idea for the employment lies in studying new forms for irregular employment of rural labor force by regulating irregular employment labor market with law. ?New idea for the education—model lies in developing a pluralistic vocational education model for the farmer.In short, the big scale of the mobility and employment of the rural labor force at present is the sigh that accelerates industrialization, urbanization and modernization. It means the structures of the economy and the society must be changed, so helping the farmer fast turn themselves into citizen and constructing a harmonious society is a new and urgent task for us all.