The Positive Analyses On The Change Progress Of The Industrial Structure And Employment Structure In China

Since reform and opening-up, China has made the great achievement in economic development. National total supply and demand is improved greatly, economic structure is being optimized constantly, and the living standards of the people are being improved consequently. Our national economy is developed in a healthy way; however, the employment elasticity brought from the economic growth is reduced year by year. The employment enlargement of the state-owned and collective-owned enterprises are dropping constantly with the rising of urban registered unemployment rate, and the surplus labor in the rural has no available work positions. As a result of these factors interweave together, the pressure on employment of our country become more and more heavy, which leads to the state of high economic growth& low employment.In the field of labor's supply in our country, the population base is heavy and the quantity of working person is high. Theoretically, the labor's total quantity will reach its peak in the following years, which will result in the enormous pressure on employment. In 2000, the total population of our country is 1.272 billion, while the working age persons is 0.775 billion; in 2010, the two indexes are up to 1.365 billion and 0.852 billion; and in 2020, the two indexes are up to 1.443 billion and 0.86 billion respectively. But with the increase of labor's supply, the structural unemployment phenomenon appears in our country. The laborer's quality structure is difficult to meet with the needs of the new and developing trend especially some Hi-Tech, shown as "some workers have no work, some work have no workers".In the reforming period, the industrial structure is in the historical stage of rebuilding strategically. The proportion of the capital-intensive and technology-intensive industry is rising constantly, the proportion of the tertiary industry is being improved, and the new and developing trend is emerging quickly. Consequently, the micro-subject in the industry —enterprises are changing. The reform of the state-owned enterprises is being deepened and the individual private quantity of the enterprises increases with the position rising; meanwhile, a series of structural transitions have taken place. To a country with abundant even surplus labor, and the overall laborer quality can not meet with the social needs, the employment structure will be influenced by the industrial structure adjustment and upgrading inevitably. And whether the laborer's employment structure is rational, whether the labor's disposition is efficient, is also the key factor of influencing industrial structureadjustment. So, under the double background that the violent change of industrial structure and the increasing pressure on employment, it is a great realistic project to research that how can employment quantity increase through the impelling of industrial structure, and how can employment structure comply with the demand of industrial structure rebuilding and development to reach the coordinated development of the two.Above all, the dissertation uses theories of Development Economics and Industry's Economics, etc. to analyze the change progress of the industrial structure and employment structure of our country in detail with the method of positive analysis. Point out the characteristic of the two and the existing problems in the change progress, then analyze the reasons and give some suggestions to correct the deviation between the two.This dissertation is divided into five chapters.In Chapter I, the theory of industrial structure and principle of its change progress is explained at first, and offered the theoretical foundation for analyzing the characteristic and deviation of the change progress in our country. Then introduce the theory of the change in labor's employment in the progress of industrial structure and explain theoretically the according relationship between the two structures.Chapter II analyzes the characteristic that the industrial structure and the employment structure influencing each other based on the research of Chapter I. The industrial structure determines the laborer's scale of employment, employment structure and its development. The change progress of the industrial structure will bring negative effect to employment--structural unemployment, and put forward the laborer many demands to meet the new conversion which in order to adapt to the industrial structure.Chapter III is the part of positive analyses, analyze the trend characteristic of our country industrial structure and employment structure based on other countries' condition, and then point out the different contribution of three industries to the employment. And based on the above research, introduce the "deviation of the structure" to analyze the industrial structure and employment structure together, point out that the reason of present pressure on employment in our country is not only conversion lag of industrial structure, but also the influence of deviation between industries-employment structure. The reasons of conversion lag include such factors as economic development strategy, urbanization level and economic structure, etc., and the main reason of deviation between industries-employment structure is theunsatisfied households register system, labor market, social security and education system.Chapter IV is the further extension of Chapter III. On the basis of the research in Chapter III, make a concrete analysis of the ownership composition change and research the influence between the upgrading of industrial structure and the laborer's quality structure. It is proved from the analysis that the ownership composition and the laborer's quality structure are very important to the labors' employment.Chapter V is a part of policy recommendations, based on the summarization of above chapters. It is proposed that the coordinated development of industrial structure and employment structure is a key factor to the economic development quality and the people's lives. Our country should take the positive affection to promote the development of the tertiary industry to avoid the adverse effect to the employment from the conversion lagging of industrial structure. It is correct to encourage the development of the individual private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Meanwhile, in order to dispel the factor of blocking the employment structure and contacting and the industrial structure, it is correct to accelerate the reform of household register system, set up unified labor market, perfect social security system and development educate in order to improve quality of laborer. The realization of the coordination between the industrial structure and employment structure will lead to increasing employment, and lightening the pressure on employment. This is an important way to construct the harmonious society of economy.