An Economics Analysis Of The Institutions Of Science And Technology Evaluation In China

Science and technology evaluation is the important link of scientific and technical macroscopic management, and can help the government implement effective management to scientific and technical plans, the transaction of technical market, the exchange and cooperation of technology. It is the power that is good for strengthening the scientific and technical macroscopic management and innovating the institution of scientific and technical management. Science and technology evaluation may make the scientific and technical management more scientific, more transparent and fairer. And it can help people understand whether research items, researchers and related organizations are superior or not. Through evaluation, the government can realize optimized disposition to the resources like fund and research items and so on. More important, it can reduce or prevent the negative effect which scientific and technical plans or items may bring for protecting the survival environment and the public's benefit. As the science and technology evaluation which has become the essential method of the modern scientific and technical management is the product of the scientific and technical management and the market mechanism, so it has received high value from many countries' government on scientific and technical management. Our country starts science and technology evaluation in the early 1990s. People have carried on some positive explorations and practice in the aspect of the content, procedures, methods, organizations, talented persons, and so on. And our government has promulgated a series of policies, laws and regulations about science and technology evaluation. Although our country's science and technology evaluation has already started to march into the standardized, institutional phase, but the ability of evaluation and the demand are extremely unsuitable. So the institutions of science and technology evaluation need urgently strengthening. Directed by the theory of the institutional economics, this article analyses the origin and the tendency of the institutions of science and technology evaluation. And the article describes the causes of the institutional change of science and technology evaluation, the basic theories of the new institutional economics and its main research techniques. On the basis of this, the article researches into the domestic and foreign institutional change process, factors and the main patterns of science and technology evaluation separately by the theory of institutional change in institutional economics. Then, in the use of methods including gambling, the cost-income and the economic efficiency, this article analyses the credit administration of S&T evaluation, the standards for related people and the institutions. Finally, this article gives related countermeasures in order to improve it.