The Factors Of Rural Labor Shifting At The Background Of New Rural Construction

With the accelerating of the industrialization, the modernization and the urbanization, more and more rural labor force have shifted from rural areas to cities and towns. In this paper, based on the sociology and economic theory such as the rational choice theory and the human capital theory, the author has combined the empirical research methods, surveys and the interviews, in the four villages of Jianli County, Hubei to investigate the status of rural labor transfer, analyze its feature and the macro and micro factors which affect on it on the background of the new rural construction Background. At last, the author has proposed a number of recommendations to accelerate the transfer of rural labor force.Specific research of this study mainly contains:first the description of the status of the transfer of rural labor and the analysis of the characteristics of it; second the analysis on the macro-external factors of the transfer of rural labor force; third analysis on the micro-individual factors of the transfer of rural labor force; fourth a number of policies and recommendations for this phenomenon, according to the article's conclusions.Through the questionnaires, the interviews and the related information from National Bureau of Statistics, the conclusions are mainly:Firstly, through field research and the information from National Bureau of Statistics, the author found that rural labor are shifting from the primary industry to the secondary and the tertiary industry. After shifting to cities and towns, most rural labor force works on the non-agricultural industries such as the construction, the manufacturing and the services.Secondly, most of rural labor force has flowed outside their province. The developing central and western areas such as Hubei province just provide limited jobs. But some relatively developed areas such as Guangdong province can provide more employment opportunities. So the majority of the rural labor transfers to the coastal provinces.In addition, the national policy system factors are fundamental factors of influencing of rural labor transfer.At the same time, other overall external factors such as Economy, science and technology, society and culture also affect the transfer of rural labor force. The influence of national system of policy on the transfer of rural labor force has two sides. On one hand, the national system of policy can promote the transfer of rural labor force; on the other hand, some irrational aspects of the system can hinder the transfer of rural labor force. Economic development and the progress of scientific and technological level entirely play a catalytic role on the transfer of rural labor.Finally, the personal characteristics of rural labor force such as gender, age, marital status, and workers'education level, family composition, health and other micro individual factors have influence on the transfer of rural labor force. We can conclude that the male, younger, highly educated workforce with good health is easier to achieve transfer, and the influence of the marital status of the rural labor force is not very significant. In addition, the influence of family composition on the impact of female labor force is bigger than the male labor force.