A Study Of The Urban Water Pricing Based On ELES Model

The per-capita quantity of water resource is only 1/4 of the per-capita quantity in the world,such as spatial and temporal distribution of water resource and rainfall imbalanced and serious water pollution intensified the water resource deficiency. In order to achieve effective management of water resource and solve the problems of water shortage,many scholars agree with the rational development of water price help to promote fairness and efficiency,even as water pricing and cost recovery is considered one way to solve water crisis in the 21st century.With the development of marketization of water affairs and water commodity in China,the reform of water price is an important element of water integrated management,which has a practical significance for urban water regulator.Urban water also has a dual attribution,while water as a quasi-public goods,the water price should be formulated in the public interest,we should fully consider the affordability of water price reform and the impact on residents.On the other hand,the running water is also one scarce resources and must be performed reasonablely,so the formulation of a reasonable price should fully reflect the value of water resource and water supply costs.Based on the domestic and foreign related research theory and academic achievements, the objectives of water pricing are asked after the analysis of current situation of residential water and water pricing.Water resource price,reflects the value of water resource,which pricing uncertainty as reasons for the collection of water resource fee far behind the value of water resource in theoretic urban Water price structure.This paper embarks from the natural factor and the social economy factor overall evaluation,the selection water quality,the average per person water resources quantity,average per person GDP,the population density and so on four evaluating indicators to calculate the urban water resource price of Hangzhou in 2008 based on fuzzy mathematic model,obtains the reasonable resources price is 1.446 (Yuan/ton),the corresponding urban water price is 3.2 (Yuan/ton).Arounding research on the basis of Extended Linear Expenditure System (ELES)model,this paper carries on the empirical analysis of present water price using the ELES model from the two aspects of bearing capacity and paying capacity,the actual water expenditure of low-income residents is slightly lower than the warning level of basic needs expenditure,they obviously can not pay the water price of 3.2(Yuan/ton).On this basis, this paper deduces the logical relationship between per capita consumption water and laddering water price through the improvement of ELES model.According to the different water pricing goal of steps,the first step price should consider the affordability of low-income residents,the second step price must consider reasonable constitution of water price,which manifests the water resource value fully,the third step adopts the high quota fixed price.the fitting effects will be tested by putting the calculated price and water consumption into the improved model,compared with the existing pricing model,it dramatically save 10.1 ton per capita consumption water. Finally,this two patterns of unitary price and laddering water price are compared and analyzed.Reasonable laddering water price is conducive to the the implementation of both equity and efficiency,while able to play price leverage to raise residents awareness of water consevation based on water cost of the complete measurement.