The Transference Of Rural China's Surplus Labours

The successful transference of rural China's surplus labours can benefit the development of China's rural economy, and hence accelerate the progress of China's market economy, increase the peasants' income greatly, widen the source of urban labour force and the demand of market commodities, and hence fasten the course of transforming China's dual economy structure.Chinese government has taken the reform and open policy for more than 20 years, during this time, by means of peatants'moving into and then living in big cities, of absorbing farmers from rural areas by new built towns, of encouraging farmers to working in the rural enterprises, and so on, many rural surplus labours do be transferred from rural sector.However, it is not enough comparing with the whole amount of rural surplus labours.Today, China still has an urban-rural dual structure. Though the policy of registered permanent residence has been loosed in a sense, there exist great differences in many aspects between urban and rural population, such as living conditions, knowledge qualities, working skills and so on. This kind of economical and social situation decides that it may not be easy to solve the problem of rural surplus labours.This paper briefly summarizes related researches and theories of the domestic scholars like J.Fei and the foreign scholars like Professor A. Lewis and uses some of their perspectives for reference like regarding the industrialization and urbanizations as some of the ways absorbing rural surplus labours.Besides,this paper introduces the experiences of some of other countries of the world ,and the transference of rural surplus labours conditions of Yingshan Country Huanggang City in Hubei Province unifying my own experiences, taking the Yingshan Country as the representative, briefly points out the factor of restrict the transference in rural surplus labour of our country. Contrasts and compares China's structure of population and labours, situation of enterprise, level of urbanization and national education with some of them. Based on the authorized statistics, this paper narrates the history of rural China's surplus labor, and then analyses some factors that restrict transferring the surplus labor in rural China. According to these factors, this paper indicates how to solve this problem from the directions of rural labor's supply, demand and outer environment.A country's production and institutions, which vary from country to country, fundamentally affect the transference. This kind of differences decides that instead of simply copying the ways of other countries, we must transfer the rural surplus labour according to China's environment. Therefore, this paper believes that accelerating the step of urbanization and the development rural enterprise, enlarging the employment in agriculture itself, optimizing the structure of industries, ameliorating institutions and so on are the basic means of transferring rural China's surplus labor currently. Meanwhile, this paper emphasizes that improving the literate quanlity of rural labors and enhancing the strength of domestic enterprises are the key to achieve success.