Simon Decision-making Fundamental Research

The decision-making has been is bom since the humanity on the ancient question which continuously faces, although, all policy-making fault all has "tries wrong" the significance. But, disregards the scientific rule regarding these, one wrong is again wrong, specially uses the public resource to receive in exchange for the achievements project the public policy-making fault, then is makes one tolerate with difficulty. Since specially, the modern times, China has been most feels one of deep sorrow countries to the male authority decision-making fault. Therefore fully absorbs the model former humanity about the policy-making aspect research results, instructs own using the science policy-making theory policy-making practice to appear especially urgently. In the human decision-making theory practice development history, the Nobel economic prize new owner which makes the prominent contribution to the policy-making theory research manages master Herbert Simon by the limited rational theory and the modern management decision-making theory not to have may avoid. At present domestic besides has the quite full understanding and the discussion to the Simon decision-making theory research in the limited rational theory aspect, fully utilizes the organization behavior and the decision-making psychic mechanism research, the decision-making procedure analysis research regarding Simon which the psychology and the sociological achievement launches quite is also weak, But these aspects all have the theoretically foundation significance in the policy-making theory domain. This article tries hard thoroughly to comprehend in the Simon original foundation, the multi-angle Simon directional carry on the overall analysis to Simon's policy-making thought, has a benefit by the time to the policy-making behavior.Second part of elaboration limited rationality and satisfactory policy-making theory. The Simon decision-making theory core concept and the basic premise are "the limited rationality". Simon has criticized since long ago in two extremes which exists about the human behavior rational aspect: Complete rationality and completely non-rationality. Pointed out because the knowledge completeness, the behavior main body can not maintain throughout the consistent value by chance anticipated difficult problem and the behavior feasible scope limit, enables human the behavior only to be the limited rationality. Simon is take the limited rationality as the premise foundation, proposed satisfaction decision-making concept namely one has the corresponding lowest satisfaction standard, two is the strategy choice can surpass the lowest satisfactory standard.The third part of thorough analysis explains Simon's organizational structure view. Simon jumped out the organization with individual opposition, embarks the research organization from the person. The organizational structure therefore is important, lies in the organization to tie affects manager and the administrative personnel as well as their group behavior choice. Therefore, organizes to individual policy-making influence key is the policy-making premise, but is not policy-making itself. And, the organizational structure only has basic mechanism - such as organization's value choice and approval, organization's mechanism and so on authorities which manifests through the organization behavior system in - can play the role. After organizes through its influence mechanism has provided the essential policy-making premise for individual decision-making, individual decision-making throughout is in the psychological environment limit plays the role, and "stimulates from this the formation - responds" and "the hesitation - choice" two kind of policy-making patterns.The fourth part is about Simon's decision-making procedure research. This article believed that, Simon bases to the cognitive science research institute proposes "the information - design - choice -examination" the decision-making procedure, is person's cognition process in the policy-making logical reappearance, is precisely this point causes the Simon this procedure same decision-making scientific style height dependence. Among them, in the examination stage follows up on a policy the submersion cost which produces to have the double-edged sword the function, its existence is already possible because reduced has prepared chooses the plan the scope, thus brought the rationality for the policy-making behavior, also was possible because of the vested interest question to retard to the former policy-making adjustment.The fifth part is the conclusion are partial. The Simon decision-making theory core concept and the basic premise are "the limited rationality". This article believed, its therefore can realize from the classical policy-making theory surmounts the type to the modern decision-making theory to transform, the root also lies in the limited rational theory. But, on the one hand, Simon highly affirmed partially overcomes the plan feasible scope limit and the knowledge completeness limit thus does not attempt to break through the limited rational valuable attempt. On the other hand, Simon also notes the non- rational factor to the decision-making the influence function, is earlier brings into line with the non- rational factor the policy-making theory there search field of vision. Simon has conducted the analysis research from the cognition psychology angle to in the non- rational factor emotion and the intuition, and promulgates the non- rational emotion and the intuition in the policy-making positive role. This article believed, his these research although is impossible to look like the limited rationality to in the complete rational such constitution model subversion, but has already indicated the direction for the limited rational pattern breakthrough.The article occupying of innovation to: Was different to formerly discusses the few pure introductions to the Simon decision-making principle elaboration. Knew very well in the Simon manner limited rational and beside satisfaction decision-making research, launched the introduction and thoroughly elaborated formerly studied the quite weak organization behavior research, the decision-making psychic mechanism analysis and the decision-making procedure research. Strength various the angle is carrying on the overall analysis to Simon's policy-making thought, enable the people to have an more comprehensive system to the Simon decision-making theory the cognition and the understanding, has a benefit by the time to the policy-making behavior. In the research technique, this article attempts the angle which from the management study, the sociology, the cognition psychology and soon multi-disciplinary unifies to launch the analysis and the synthesis elaboration to the Simon decision-making theory.