Research On The Social Security Problems Of The Landless-Farmers In China

The progress of urbanization in our country is continuously expediting in recent years. In order to satisfy the demand of farming land for the development of the city, a lot of farmers'lands have been taken over for use and large numbers of farmers become landless-farmers. But since the existing landing requisition system is deficient and the administrative departments do not regulate the operation and the social security system is deficient, landless-farmers in the non-agricultural land transfer of the income distribution are in a weak position, and their rights often be violated. landless-farmers have no land protection, and the compensation for the farmers is not in a high level, so it is difficult to maintain the intrinsic level of living, so that, they will become a group of social edge minority community and will become the huge unsteady factor of our country social stable. If the problem of the landless-farmers cannot be solved fairly and reasonably, it will create the hidden danger in the harmonious society and a new socialist countryside. Therefore, the establishment and the consummation of the landless-farmers'social security systems is imperative.The full text is divided into six chapter altogether. The first part introduces the main topics on the background and significance, and summarizes the existing theoretical researches of this study. This part pointed out that the ideas and research methods. This part pointed out that urbanization is an inevitable historical process, the course of urbanization will inevitably bring about the increase of the landless-farmers, but China's social security system is not sound. Then reviewed the domestic and foreign scholars in the study of social security of landless-farmers in the literature, this part concludes with a study of the ideas and research methods. The second part illustrates the situation of the landless-farmers. First, this part expatiates the realistic situation of the landless-farmers, and analysis China's current land requisition compensation mechanism and the defects and the reasons that caused damage to the interests of landless-farmers, and expounded on the problem of landless-farmers will impact China's economic and social development. This part points that the contents of China's current land requisition compensation contents is too simple to fully reflect the situation of landless-farmers, and the existing land requisition compensation distribution directly damage the economic interests of landless-farmers. The principle part of rural collective land ownership is not clarity, and the lack of system of the social security system, causing the rights of landless-farmers could not be guaranteed. Landless-farmers'problem will impact China's economic and social development, because their inadequate compensation and employment instability affect their survival and development, so values and social psychology gradually changes, this will lead to social instability.Chapter three analyses the social security situation of landless-farmers and the mode of study. This part take the Marxist's theory of land protection and Friedman's permanent income hypothesis for theoretical guidance, through analysis the relation between the building of a new socialist countryside and social security of landless-farmers, pointed out that we should established a social security system for the landless-farmers. This part uses the case to clarify China's social security that the landless-farmers owned. This paper chose two typical landless-farmers social security model, which is the"land for social security"features of the"Jiaxing model"and transferring usage right of collective rural land of"Wuhu model", analyze the contents and characteristics, and the advantages and disadvantages of the social security model for the landless-farmers. Jiaxing model resolve the land extension of the social security function successfully, it has changed the traditional one-time monetary and job placement and adjusted the placement principles to"implementation of the safeguards and employment," and promote the employment market for the landless-farmers, but one of the most prominent problem in Jiaxing model is the social security of landless-farmers no government funds for any financial transfer payments, the government, collective and farmers from the land value of the land acquired with the proceeds of the tripartite ratio compared to the proportion of serious toll imbalance, farmers, accounting for land compensation fee was much higher than the proportion of the payment represents the proportion of the proceeds from land. Wuhu mode enable farmers to collective rights of land truly and become a complete property rights and protect the rights of the farmers properly, the Government has the right to the functions, strongly protect the legitimate rights and interests of the farmers, but the mainly problem of Wuhu mode is the income of collective land is divided into three that is the county, and township and village, finally the real income that farmers shared is very limited.The fourth analyses the way of addressing the landless-farmers problems in developed countries. This part analysis the compensation mechanism for the land requisition system in the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. In the developed Western countries, the land must be used for the purpose of protecting the public interests, but also to respect and protect the legitimate rights and interests of farmers under the premise, with the principle of equality, voluntary participation and mutual benefit, we should compensate the farmers with the market price of land. The experience of the resettlement for the landless-farmers is very important for us.The fifth part points out social security system should be established for the landless-farmers with Chinese characteristics. Proceed from the following four aspects: (1) Reform of the land requisition system. We should improve the land requisition procedures, and make the land distribution of income clear, the income farmers shared should be expanded. (2) Improve the rural land property rights. We should change the status of land ownership incompletely, and further clear agricultural land the relationship between ownership and effective protection of the land rights of farmers, (3) Establish the social security system for the landless-farmers, including the pension insurance, medical insurance, minimum subsistence support, legal assistance, and job security, etc. (4) Establish a new land compensation model. In accordance with the laws of the market economy, we should develop a rational and scientific compensation mechanism, and need to consider the costs of re-employment, and price increases costs and risks arising, the potential benefits of land.The last part of this paper is conclusions and recommendations. The process of urbanization must be the prerequisite for solve the issue of social security of landless-farmers, we should solve the worries of the landless-farmers have in the future and establish the social security for landless-farmers, that can conducive to the integration of urban and rural construction, and can safeguard social stability, and can promote the industrialization and modernization drive fast.