Research On The Implementation Of Grain Direct Subsidy Policy In China

China's grain direct subsidy policy came into being when the sown area of grain reduced gradually that has been endangered our country's grain security, farmers income difficulties, the slow progress of the grain circulation system and the inevitable demand of accession to the WTO. Since 2004,grain direct subsidy policy has been fully implemented to enhance the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain, increase of food production, which have promoted the growth of the income of the farmers, and have achieved good effect of policies. However, in affirming the achievements, we should not overlook the problems that exist. Grain direct subsidy policies arising in the course of the implementation of the various problems affecting the direct subsidy policy goals.Unlike the previous scholars economics perspective, this article from the perspective of policy implementation, according to Smith (TBSmith) policy implementation process model, from the following four aspects: food direct subsidy policy itself, the main food direct subsidy policy implementation, the implementation of policies food direct subsidy target groups,direct subsidy grain farmers and the implementation of policies on food environment direct subsidy in the implementation of policy issues, the reasons for and countermeasures to be taken in-depth analysis and study. This paper is divided into four parts:The first part, expounded China's grain policy direct subsidy the background, content and results, in-depth analysis to lay the foundation below. First of all, pointed out that China's grain direct subsidy policy based on the theory and practical background. One theory is the foundation of agriculture, food and personal belongings with public goods, as well as the dual attributes of grain production is weak. Practical needs of the sown area of grain has been decreasing endanger China's food security; it is very difficult to increase farmers; the grain circulation system, as well as slow progress in the inevitable requirement for accession to the WTO. Second, the policy on the contents of food direct subsidy: Grain direct subsidy the meaning, objectives and modalities of operation. "Food direct subsidy " is "direct subsidies to grain short for" grain direct subsidy policy refers to certain practices and standards to provide direct subsidies to farmers of public policy. The fundamental goal is to enhance the enthusiasm of farmers, increase food production and ensure food security; immediate objective is to reform the grain circulation system, improve the effectiveness of financial support for agriculture, and promote the process of grain market; the related goal is responding to the WTO's rules require farmers to grow grain and raise comparative advantage and increase their income.Grain direct subsidy is the main basis for the agricultural tax area, taxable normal production, grain acreage or the number of farmers to sell marketable grain. Finally, China's grain direct subsidy certainly the effect of the implementation of the policy. Grain direct subsidy policy of agricultural development in China has brought new opportunities to promote the growth of the income of farmers and improve the farmers enthusiasm to grow grain and food production; specified for the grain circulation system in the direction of improvement of the masses, and far-reaching political implications.The second part, described China's grain direct subsidy carding policy in the implementation of the existing problems. Smith based on the implementation of the policy of carding process model for its four issues: First, the policy itself grain direct subsidy a few problems. Lower standards of subsidies, and the supporting measures are imperfect, it was difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain, grain direct subsidy more the mode of operation of the policy, are the pros and cons of each mode of operation, with a corresponding trigger this or that problem with the burden of funding direct subsidy area of food safety assurance required "deviated from." Secondly, the implementation of grain direct subsidy main policy deviation. Grain direct subsidy perfunctory policy implementation to cope with the existence of misappropriation, withholding phenomenon. Third, direct subsidy grain farmers in the process of implementing the policy have been exposed various problems. Ability to market is not strong; minority farmers decept, malicious obtain national direct subsidy funds. Fourth, grain direct subsidy policy in the implementation of other issues. "Heidi"; implementation costs are too high; lax oversight issues.The third part of the implementation of China's grain policy direct subsidy the cause of the problem. First, China's grain direct subsidy policy is not perfect enough. China's agricultural subsidies make large population it is very difficult to raise standards; measures are imperfect, simple grain direct subsidy difficult to play the effects of policies; each mode of operation are inadequate, bringing the corresponding problem of food shortage of funds and share direct subsidy unreasonable. Secondly, the main grain direct subsidy policy implementation difficulties exist. Grain direct subsidy policy implementation, and their quality is not high dislocation role of the existence of the grain policy implementation direct subsidy deviations from the behaviour of external factors. Third, the quality of the peasants, and the level of organization is not high and there is " Chasing interests" phenomenon. Farmers and the educational level is relatively low level of organization is an obstacle to its use policy development bottleneck; China's peasants own cooperative organizations did not play its due role; farmers " Chasing interests " Choice grain direct subsidy increase the cost of implementation of policies . Fourth, China's grain direct subsidy adverse environmental policy implementation. Complicated historical and practical reasons for making the "Heidi" phenomenon has been unable to resolve the status quo of our land use is the implementation of the important reasons for the high costs; In addition, the adverse environment, resulting in the process of problems.Part IV, China's grain direct subsidy to solve problems with the implementation of the policy in response. First, perfect the grain direct subsidy policies and supporting measures. direct subsidy improve food standards, and establish and improve grain direct subsidy policy supporting policies for the phased establishment of China's grain direct subsidy the best mode of operation, establishing mechanisms for the transfer of funds direct subsidy balance District direct subsidy marketing costs to support the development of agricultural insurance, broaden grain direct subsidy sources of funding. Second, to raise the quality of policy implementation, policy implementation, regulation of power. Third, to enhance the quality of their own farmers, the development of peasant organizations. Fourthly, to do a good grain direct subsidy basic information; optimize the grain direct subsidy control environment. All information is smoothly carried out the premise and foundation, did not accurately on the basis of information it is impossible to have a correct implementation, we must realistically understand the land use situation in China. At the same time, we must strengthen supervision, in order to guarantee the smooth implementation of grain direct subsidy policy.